Arnulf Øverland (27 April 1889 – 25 March 1968) was a Norwegian poet and artist. He is principally known for his poetry which served to inspire the Norwegian resistance movement during the German occupation of Norway during World War II.

Øverland was born in Kristiansund and raised in Bergen. His parents were Peter Anton Øverland (1852–1906) and Hanna Hage (1854–1939). The early death of his father in 1906 left the family economically stressed. He was able to attend Bergen Cathedral School and in 1904 transferred to Kristiania Cathedral School. He graduated in 1907 and for a time studied philology at University of Kristiania. Øverland published his first collection of poems in 1911.

Øverland became a communist sympathizer from the early 1920s and became a member of Mot Dag. He also served as chairman of the Norwegian Students Society from 1923 to 1928. He changed his political stand in 1937, partly as an expression of dissent against the ongoing Moscow Trials. He was an avid opponent of Nazism and in 1936 he wrote the poem "Du må ikke sove" which was printed in the journal Samtiden.

During the German occupation of Norway from 1940 in World War II, he wrote to inspire the Norwegian resistance movement. He wrote a series of poems which were clandestinely distributed, leading to the arrest of both him and his future wife Margrete Aamot Øverland in 1941. Arnulf Øverland was held first in the prison camp of Grini before being transferred to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany. He spent a four-year imprisonment until the liberation of Norway in May 1945. His poems were later collected in "Vi overlever alt" and published in 1945.

Øverland played an important role in the Norwegian language struggle in the post-war era. He became a noted supporter for the conservative written form of Norwegian called Riksmål, and served as president of Riksmålsforbundet from 1947 to 1956. His speech "Tungetale fra parnasset", published in Arbeiderbladet in 1954, initiated the so-called Glossolalia debate.

In 1918 he had married the singer Hildur Arntzen (1888–1957). Their marriage was dissolved in 1939. In 1940, he married Bartholine Eufemia Leganger (1903–1995). They separated shortly after, and were officially divorced in 1945. Øverland was married to journalist Margrete Aamot Øverland (1913–1978) in June 1945. In 1946, the Norwegian Parliament arranged for Arnulf and Margrete to reside at the Grotten estate. He lived there until his death on 25 March 1968.
