/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  Microsoft Windows Bitmap
 * Purpose:  Read/write MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap (DIB) files
 *           and OS/2 Presentation Manager bitmaps v. 1.x and v. 2.x
 * Author:   Andrey Kiselev, dron@remotesensing.org
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2002, Andrey Kiselev <dron@remotesensing.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2010, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "gdal_frmts.h"
#include "gdal_pam.h"
#include "gdal_colortable.h"
#include "gdal_driver.h"
#include "gdal_drivermanager.h"
#include "gdal_openinfo.h"
#include "gdal_cpp_functions.h"

#include <limits>

// Enable if you want to see lots of BMP debugging output.
// #define BMP_DEBUG

enum BMPType
{
    BMPT_WIN4,  // BMP used in Windows 3.0/NT 3.51/95
    BMPT_WIN5,  // BMP used in Windows NT 4.0/98/Me/2000/XP
    BMPT_OS21,  // BMP used in OS/2 PM 1.x
    BMPT_OS22   // BMP used in OS/2 PM 2.x
};

// Bitmap file consists of a BMPFileHeader structure followed by a
// BMPInfoHeader structure. An array of BMPColorEntry structures (also called
// a colour table) follows the bitmap information header structure. The colour
// table is followed by a second array of indexes into the colour table (the
// actual bitmap data). Data may be compressed, for 4-bpp and 8-bpp used RLE
// compression.
//
// +---------------------+
// | BMPFileHeader       |
// +---------------------+
// | BMPInfoHeader       |
// +---------------------+
// | BMPColorEntry array |
// +---------------------+
// | Colour-index array  |
// +---------------------+
//
// All numbers stored in Intel order with least significant byte first.

enum BMPComprMethod
{
    BMPC_RGB = 0L,        // Uncompressed
    BMPC_RLE8 = 1L,       // RLE for 8 bpp images
    BMPC_RLE4 = 2L,       // RLE for 4 bpp images
    BMPC_BITFIELDS = 3L,  // Bitmap is not compressed and the colour table
                          // consists of three DWORD color masks that specify
                          // the red, green, and blue components of each pixel.
    // This is valid when used with 16- and 32-bpp bitmaps.
    BMPC_JPEG = 4L,  // Indicates that the image is a JPEG image.
    BMPC_PNG = 5L    // Indicates that the image is a PNG image.
};

enum BMPLCSType  // Type of logical color space.
{
    BMPLT_CALIBRATED_RGB = 0,  // This value indicates that endpoints and gamma
                               // values are given in the appropriate fields.
    BMPLT_DEVICE_RGB = 1,
    BMPLT_DEVICE_CMYK = 2
};

typedef struct
{
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GInt32 iCIEX;
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GInt32 iCIEY;
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GInt32 iCIEZ;
} BMPCIEXYZ;

typedef struct  // This structure contains the x, y, and z
{               // coordinates of the three colors that correspond
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    BMPCIEXYZ iCIERed;  // to the red, green, and blue endpoints for
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    BMPCIEXYZ iCIEGreen;  // a specified logical color space.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    BMPCIEXYZ iCIEBlue;
} BMPCIEXYZTriple;

typedef struct
{
    GByte bType[2];      // Signature "BM"
    GUInt32 iSize;       // Size in bytes of the bitmap file. Should always
                         // be ignored while reading because of error
                         // in Windows 3.0 SDK's description of this field
    GUInt16 iReserved1;  // Reserved, set as 0
    GUInt16 iReserved2;  // Reserved, set as 0
    GUInt32 iOffBits;    // Offset of the image from file start in bytes
} BMPFileHeader;

// File header size in bytes:
constexpr int BFH_SIZE = 14;

// Size of sInfoHeader.iSize in bytes
constexpr int SIZE_OF_INFOHEADER_SIZE = 4;

typedef struct
{
    GUInt32 iSize;      // Size of BMPInfoHeader structure in bytes.
                        // Should be used to determine start of the
                        // colour table
    GInt32 iWidth;      // Image width
    GInt32 iHeight;     // Image height. If positive, image has bottom left
                        // origin, if negative --- top left.
    GUInt16 iPlanes;    // Number of image planes (must be set to 1)
    GUInt16 iBitCount;  // Number of bits per pixel (1, 4, 8, 16, 24 or 32).
                        // If 0 then the number of bits per pixel is
                        // specified or is implied by the JPEG or PNG format.
    BMPComprMethod iCompression;  // Compression method
    GUInt32 iSizeImage;     // Size of uncompressed image in bytes. May be 0
                            // for BMPC_RGB bitmaps. If iCompression is BI_JPEG
                            // or BI_PNG, iSizeImage indicates the size
                            // of the JPEG or PNG image buffer.
    GInt32 iXPelsPerMeter;  // X resolution, pixels per meter (0 if not used)
    GInt32 iYPelsPerMeter;  // Y resolution, pixels per meter (0 if not used)
    GUInt32 iClrUsed;       // Size of colour table. If 0, iBitCount should
                            // be used to calculate this value (1<<iBitCount)
    GUInt32 iClrImportant;  // Number of important colours. If 0, all
                            // colours are required

    // Fields above should be used for bitmaps, compatible with Windows NT 3.51
    // and earlier. Windows 98/Me, Windows 2000/XP introduces additional fields:

    GUInt32 iRedMask;    // Colour mask that specifies the red component
                         // of each pixel, valid only if iCompression
                         // is set to BI_BITFIELDS.
    GUInt32 iGreenMask;  // The same for green component
    GUInt32 iBlueMask;   // The same for blue component
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GUInt32 iAlphaMask;  // Colour mask that specifies the alpha
                         // component of each pixel.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    BMPLCSType iCSType;  // Colour space of the DIB.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    BMPCIEXYZTriple sEndpoints;  // This member is ignored unless the iCSType
                                 // member specifies BMPLT_CALIBRATED_RGB.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GUInt32 iGammaRed;  // Toned response curve for red. This member
                        // is ignored unless color values are calibrated
                        // RGB values and iCSType is set to
                        // BMPLT_CALIBRATED_RGB. Specified in 16^16 format.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GUInt32 iGammaGreen;  // Toned response curve for green.
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GUInt32 iGammaBlue;  // Toned response curve for blue.
} BMPInfoHeader;

// Info header size in bytes:
constexpr unsigned int BIH_WIN4SIZE = 40;  // for BMPT_WIN4
#if 0
/* Unused */
constexpr unsigned int  BIH_WIN5SIZE = 57; // for BMPT_WIN5
#endif
constexpr unsigned int BIH_OS21SIZE = 12;       // for BMPT_OS21
constexpr unsigned int BIH_OS22SIZE = 64;       // for BMPT_OS22
constexpr unsigned int BIH_BITMAPV5SIZE = 124;  // for BITMAPV5HEADER

// We will use plain byte array instead of this structure, but declaration
// provided for reference
typedef struct
{
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GByte bBlue;
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GByte bGreen;
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GByte bRed;
    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
    GByte bReserved;  // Must be 0
} BMPColorEntry;

/*****************************************************************/

static int countonbits(GUInt32 dw)
{
    int r = 0;
    for (int x = 0; x < 32; x++)
    {
        if ((dw & (1U << x)) != 0)
            r++;
    }
    return r;
}

static int findfirstonbit(GUInt32 n)
{
    for (int x = 0; x < 32; x++)
    {
        if ((n & (1U << x)) != 0)
            return x;
    }
    return -1;
}

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                              BMPDataset                              */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

class BMPDataset final : public GDALPamDataset
{
    friend class BMPRasterBand;
    friend class BMPComprRasterBand;

    BMPFileHeader sFileHeader;
    BMPInfoHeader sInfoHeader;
    int nColorElems;
    GByte *pabyColorTable;
    GDALColorTable *poColorTable;
    GDALGeoTransform m_gt{};
    int bGeoTransformValid;
    bool m_bNewFile = false;
    vsi_l_offset m_nFileSize = 0;

    char *pszFilename;
    VSILFILE *fp;

  protected:
    CPLErr IRasterIO(GDALRWFlag, int, int, int, int, void *, int, int,
                     GDALDataType, int, BANDMAP_TYPE, GSpacing nPixelSpace,
                     GSpacing nLineSpace, GSpacing nBandSpace,
                     GDALRasterIOExtraArg *psExtraArg) override;

  public:
    BMPDataset();
    ~BMPDataset() override;

    static int Identify(GDALOpenInfo *);
    static GDALDataset *Open(GDALOpenInfo *);
    static GDALDataset *Create(const char *pszFilename, int nXSize, int nYSize,
                               int nBandsIn, GDALDataType eType,
                               char **papszParamList);

    CPLErr GetGeoTransform(GDALGeoTransform &gt) const override;
    CPLErr SetGeoTransform(const GDALGeoTransform &gt) override;
};

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                            BMPRasterBand                             */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

class BMPRasterBand CPL_NON_FINAL : public GDALPamRasterBand
{
    friend class BMPDataset;

  protected:
    GUInt32 nScanSize;
    unsigned int iBytesPerPixel;
    GByte *pabyScan;

  public:
    BMPRasterBand(BMPDataset *, int);
    ~BMPRasterBand() override;

    CPLErr IReadBlock(int, int, void *) override;
    CPLErr IWriteBlock(int, int, void *) override;
    GDALColorInterp GetColorInterpretation() override;
    GDALColorTable *GetColorTable() override;
    CPLErr SetColorTable(GDALColorTable *) override;
};

/************************************************************************/
/*                           BMPRasterBand()                            */
/************************************************************************/

BMPRasterBand::BMPRasterBand(BMPDataset *poDSIn, int nBandIn)
    : nScanSize(0), iBytesPerPixel(poDSIn->sInfoHeader.iBitCount / 8),
      pabyScan(nullptr)
{
    poDS = poDSIn;
    nBand = nBandIn;
    eDataType = GDT_Byte;

    // We will read one scanline per time. Scanlines in BMP aligned at 4-byte
    // boundary
    nBlockXSize = poDS->GetRasterXSize();
    nBlockYSize = 1;

    const auto knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    if (nBlockXSize < (knIntMax - 31) / poDSIn->sInfoHeader.iBitCount)
    {
        nScanSize =
            ((poDS->GetRasterXSize() * poDSIn->sInfoHeader.iBitCount + 31) &
             ~31) /
            8;
    }
    else
    {
        // pabyScan = NULL;
        return;
    }

#ifdef BMP_DEBUG
    CPLDebug("BMP", "Band %d: set nBlockXSize=%d, nBlockYSize=%d, nScanSize=%d",
             nBand, nBlockXSize, nBlockYSize, nScanSize);
#endif

    pabyScan = static_cast<GByte *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nScanSize));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ~BMPRasterBand()                           */
/************************************************************************/

BMPRasterBand::~BMPRasterBand()
{
    CPLFree(pabyScan);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             IReadBlock()                             */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPRasterBand::IReadBlock(int /* nBlockXOff */, int nBlockYOff,
                                 void *pImage)
{
    BMPDataset *poGDS = cpl::down_cast<BMPDataset *>(poDS);
    vsi_l_offset iScanOffset = 0;

    if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight > 0)
        iScanOffset = poGDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits +
                      (poGDS->GetRasterYSize() - nBlockYOff - 1) *
                          static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(nScanSize);
    else
        iScanOffset = poGDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits +
                      nBlockYOff * static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(nScanSize);

    if (VSIFSeekL(poGDS->fp, iScanOffset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
    {
        // XXX: We will not report error here, because file just may be
        // in update state and data for this block will be available later.
        if (poGDS->eAccess == GA_Update)
        {
            memset(pImage, 0, nBlockXSize);
            return CE_None;
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                     "Can't seek to offset " CPL_FRMT_GUIB
                     " in input file to read data.",
                     iScanOffset);
            return CE_Failure;
        }
    }
    if (VSIFReadL(pabyScan, 1, nScanSize, poGDS->fp) < nScanSize)
    {
        // XXX
        if (poGDS->eAccess == GA_Update)
        {
            memset(pImage, 0, nBlockXSize);
            return CE_None;
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                     "Can't read from offset " CPL_FRMT_GUIB " in input file.",
                     iScanOffset);
            return CE_Failure;
        }
    }

    if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 24 ||
        poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 32)
    {
        GByte *pabyTemp = pabyScan + 3 - nBand;

        for (int i = 0; i < nBlockXSize; i++)
        {
            // Colour triplets in BMP file organized in reverse order:
            // blue, green, red. When we have 32-bit BMP the forth byte
            // in quadruplet should be discarded as it has no meaning.
            // That is why we always use 3 byte count in the following
            // pabyTemp index.
            static_cast<GByte *>(pImage)[i] = *pabyTemp;
            pabyTemp += iBytesPerPixel;
        }
    }
    else if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 8)
    {
        memcpy(pImage, pabyScan, nBlockXSize);
    }
    else if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 16)
    {
        // rcg, oct 7/06: Byteswap if necessary, use int16
        // references to file pixels, expand samples to
        // 8-bit, support BMPC_BITFIELDS channel mask indicators,
        // and generalize band handling.

        GUInt16 *pScan16 = reinterpret_cast<GUInt16 *>(pabyScan);
#ifdef CPL_MSB
        GDALSwapWords(pScan16, sizeof(GUInt16), nBlockXSize, 0);
#endif

        // todo: make these band members and precompute.
        int mask[3], shift[3], size[3];
        float fTo8bit[3];

        if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_RGB)
        {
            mask[0] = 0x7c00;
            mask[1] = 0x03e0;
            mask[2] = 0x001f;
        }
        else if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_BITFIELDS)
        {
            mask[0] = poGDS->sInfoHeader.iRedMask;
            mask[1] = poGDS->sInfoHeader.iGreenMask;
            mask[2] = poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBlueMask;
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Unknown 16-bit compression %d.",
                     poGDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression);
            return CE_Failure;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
            shift[i] = findfirstonbit(mask[i]);
            size[i] = countonbits(mask[i]);
            if (size[i] > 14 || size[i] == 0)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                         "Bad 16-bit channel mask %8x.", mask[i]);
                return CE_Failure;
            }
            fTo8bit[i] = 255.0f / ((1 << size[i]) - 1);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < nBlockXSize; i++)
        {
            ((GByte *)pImage)[i] =
                (GByte)(0.5f +
                        fTo8bit[nBand - 1] * ((pScan16[i] & mask[nBand - 1]) >>
                                              shift[nBand - 1]));
#if 0
        // original code
            switch ( nBand )
            {
                case 1: // Red
                ((GByte *) pImage)[i] = pabyScan[i + 1] & 0x1F;
                break;

                case 2: // Green
                ((GByte *) pImage)[i] =
                    ((pabyScan[i] & 0x03) << 3) |
                    ((pabyScan[i + 1] & 0xE0) >> 5);
                break;

                case 3: // Blue
                ((GByte *) pImage)[i] = (pabyScan[i] & 0x7c) >> 2;
                break;
                default:
                break;
            }
#endif  // 0
        }
    }
    else if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 4)
    {
        GByte *pabyTemp = pabyScan;

        for (int i = 0; i < nBlockXSize; i++)
        {
            // Most significant part of the byte represents leftmost pixel
            if (i & 0x01)
                ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = *pabyTemp++ & 0x0F;
            else
                ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0xF0) >> 4;
        }
    }
    else if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 1)
    {
        GByte *pabyTemp = pabyScan;

        for (int i = 0; i < nBlockXSize; i++)
        {
            switch (i & 0x7)
            {
                case 0:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x80) >> 7;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x40) >> 6;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x20) >> 5;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x10) >> 4;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x08) >> 3;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x04) >> 2;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = (*pabyTemp & 0x02) >> 1;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    ((GByte *)pImage)[i] = *pabyTemp++ & 0x01;
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            IWriteBlock()                             */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPRasterBand::IWriteBlock(int nBlockXOff, int nBlockYOff, void *pImage)
{
    BMPDataset *poGDS = cpl::down_cast<BMPDataset *>(poDS);

    CPLAssert(poGDS != nullptr && nBlockXOff >= 0 && nBlockYOff >= 0 &&
              pImage != nullptr);

    vsi_l_offset iScanOffset = poGDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits +
                               (poGDS->GetRasterYSize() - nBlockYOff - 1) *
                                   static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(nScanSize);
    if (VSIFSeekL(poGDS->fp, iScanOffset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Can't seek to offset " CPL_FRMT_GUIB
                 " in output file to write data.\n%s",
                 iScanOffset, VSIStrerror(errno));
        return CE_Failure;
    }

    if (poGDS->nBands != 1)
    {
        memset(pabyScan, 0, nScanSize);
        VSIFReadL(pabyScan, 1, nScanSize, poGDS->fp);
        VSIFSeekL(poGDS->fp, iScanOffset, SEEK_SET);
    }

    for (int iInPixel = 0, iOutPixel = iBytesPerPixel - nBand;
         iInPixel < nBlockXSize; iInPixel++, iOutPixel += poGDS->nBands)
    {
        pabyScan[iOutPixel] = ((GByte *)pImage)[iInPixel];
    }

    if (VSIFWriteL(pabyScan, 1, nScanSize, poGDS->fp) < nScanSize)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Can't write block with X offset %d and Y offset %d.\n%s",
                 nBlockXOff, nBlockYOff, VSIStrerror(errno));
        return CE_Failure;
    }

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetColorTable()                            */
/************************************************************************/

GDALColorTable *BMPRasterBand::GetColorTable()
{
    BMPDataset *poGDS = cpl::down_cast<BMPDataset *>(poDS);

    return poGDS->poColorTable;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetColorTable()                            */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPRasterBand::SetColorTable(GDALColorTable *poColorTable)
{
    BMPDataset *poGDS = cpl::down_cast<BMPDataset *>(poDS);

    if (poColorTable)
    {
        poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed = poColorTable->GetColorEntryCount();
        if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed < 1 ||
            poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed > (1U << poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount))
            return CE_Failure;

        VSIFSeekL(poGDS->fp, BFH_SIZE + 32, SEEK_SET);

        GUInt32 iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
        VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poGDS->fp);
        poGDS->pabyColorTable = (GByte *)CPLRealloc(
            poGDS->pabyColorTable, static_cast<size_t>(poGDS->nColorElems) *
                                       poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
        if (!poGDS->pabyColorTable)
            return CE_Failure;

        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed; i++)
        {
            GDALColorEntry oEntry;

            poColorTable->GetColorEntryAsRGB(i, &oEntry);
            poGDS->pabyColorTable[i * poGDS->nColorElems + 3] = 0;
            poGDS->pabyColorTable[i * poGDS->nColorElems + 2] =
                (GByte)oEntry.c1;  // Red
            poGDS->pabyColorTable[i * poGDS->nColorElems + 1] =
                (GByte)oEntry.c2;  // Green
            poGDS->pabyColorTable[i * poGDS->nColorElems] =
                (GByte)oEntry.c3;  // Blue
        }

        VSIFSeekL(poGDS->fp, BFH_SIZE + poGDS->sInfoHeader.iSize, SEEK_SET);
        if (VSIFWriteL(poGDS->pabyColorTable, 1,
                       static_cast<size_t>(poGDS->nColorElems) *
                           poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed,
                       poGDS->fp) < static_cast<size_t>(poGDS->nColorElems) *
                                        poGDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed)
        {
            return CE_Failure;
        }
    }
    else
        return CE_Failure;

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       GetColorInterpretation()                       */
/************************************************************************/

GDALColorInterp BMPRasterBand::GetColorInterpretation()
{
    BMPDataset *poGDS = cpl::down_cast<BMPDataset *>(poDS);

    if (poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 24 ||
        poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 32 ||
        poGDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 16)
    {
        if (nBand == 1)
            return GCI_RedBand;
        else if (nBand == 2)
            return GCI_GreenBand;
        else if (nBand == 3)
            return GCI_BlueBand;
        else
            return GCI_Undefined;
    }
    else
    {
        return GCI_PaletteIndex;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/*                       BMPComprRasterBand                             */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/

class BMPComprRasterBand final : public BMPRasterBand
{
    friend class BMPDataset;

    GByte *pabyComprBuf;
    GByte *pabyUncomprBuf;

  public:
    BMPComprRasterBand(BMPDataset *, int);
    ~BMPComprRasterBand() override;

    CPLErr IReadBlock(int, int, void *) override;
    // virtual CPLErr IWriteBlock( int, int, void * );
};

/************************************************************************/
/*                           BMPComprRasterBand()                       */
/************************************************************************/

BMPComprRasterBand::BMPComprRasterBand(BMPDataset *poDSIn, int nBandIn)
    : BMPRasterBand(poDSIn, nBandIn), pabyComprBuf(nullptr),
      pabyUncomprBuf(nullptr)
{
    /* TODO: it might be interesting to avoid uncompressing the whole data */
    /* in a single pass, especially if nXSize * nYSize is big */
    /* We could read incrementally one row at a time */
    const auto knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    if (poDS->GetRasterXSize() > knIntMax / poDS->GetRasterYSize())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Too big dimensions : %d x %d",
                 poDS->GetRasterXSize(), poDS->GetRasterYSize());
        return;
    }

    if (poDSIn->m_nFileSize <= poDSIn->sFileHeader.iOffBits ||
        poDSIn->m_nFileSize - poDSIn->sFileHeader.iOffBits > knIntMax)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid header");
        return;
    }

    const GUInt32 iComprSize = static_cast<GUInt32>(
        poDSIn->m_nFileSize - poDSIn->sFileHeader.iOffBits);
    const GUInt32 iUncomprSize =
        poDS->GetRasterXSize() * poDS->GetRasterYSize();

#ifdef DEBUG
    CPLDebug("BMP", "RLE compression detected.");
    CPLDebug("BMP",
             "Size of compressed buffer %ld bytes,"
             " size of uncompressed buffer %ld bytes.",
             (long)iComprSize, (long)iUncomprSize);
#endif

    pabyComprBuf = (GByte *)VSIMalloc(iComprSize);
    pabyUncomprBuf = (GByte *)VSIMalloc(iUncomprSize);
    if (pabyComprBuf == nullptr || pabyUncomprBuf == nullptr)
    {
        CPLFree(pabyComprBuf);
        pabyComprBuf = nullptr;
        CPLFree(pabyUncomprBuf);
        pabyUncomprBuf = nullptr;
        return;
    }

    if (VSIFSeekL(poDSIn->fp, poDSIn->sFileHeader.iOffBits, SEEK_SET) != 0 ||
        VSIFReadL(pabyComprBuf, 1, iComprSize, poDSIn->fp) < iComprSize)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Can't read from offset %ld in input file.",
                 (long)poDSIn->sFileHeader.iOffBits);
        CPLFree(pabyComprBuf);
        pabyComprBuf = nullptr;
        CPLFree(pabyUncomprBuf);
        pabyUncomprBuf = nullptr;
        return;
    }

    unsigned int i = 0;
    unsigned int j = 0;
    if (poDSIn->sInfoHeader.iBitCount == 8)  // RLE8
    {
        while (i < iComprSize)
        {
            if (pabyComprBuf[i])
            {
                unsigned int iLength = pabyComprBuf[i++];
                if (j == iUncomprSize)
                    break;
                while (iLength > 0 && j < iUncomprSize && i < iComprSize)
                {
                    pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = pabyComprBuf[i];
                    iLength--;
                }
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                i++;
                if (i == iComprSize)
                    break;
                if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 0)  // Next scanline
                {
                    i++;
                }
                else if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 1)  // End of image
                {
                    break;
                }
                else if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 2)  // Move to...
                {
                    if (j == iUncomprSize)
                        break;
                    i++;
                    if (i < iComprSize - 1)
                    {
                        if (pabyComprBuf[i + 1] >
                                knIntMax / poDS->GetRasterXSize() ||
                            static_cast<int>(pabyComprBuf[i + 1]) *
                                    poDS->GetRasterXSize() >
                                knIntMax -
                                    static_cast<int>(j + pabyComprBuf[i]))
                            break;
                        j += pabyComprBuf[i] +
                             pabyComprBuf[i + 1] * poDS->GetRasterXSize();
                        i += 2;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                else  // Absolute mode
                {
                    CPLAssert(i < iComprSize);
                    unsigned int iLength = pabyComprBuf[i++];
                    if (j == iUncomprSize)
                        break;
                    for (unsigned k = 0;
                         k < iLength && j < iUncomprSize && i < iComprSize; k++)
                        pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = pabyComprBuf[i++];
                    if (i & 0x01)
                        i++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else  // RLE4
    {
        while (i < iComprSize)
        {
            if (pabyComprBuf[i])
            {
                unsigned int iLength = pabyComprBuf[i++];
                if (j == iUncomprSize)
                    break;
                while (iLength > 0 && j < iUncomprSize && i < iComprSize)
                {
                    if (iLength & 0x01)
                        pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = (pabyComprBuf[i] & 0xF0) >> 4;
                    else
                        pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = pabyComprBuf[i] & 0x0F;
                    iLength--;
                }
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                i++;
                if (i == iComprSize)
                    break;
                if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 0)  // Next scanline
                {
                    i++;
                }
                else if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 1)  // End of image
                {
                    break;
                }
                else if (pabyComprBuf[i] == 2)  // Move to...
                {
                    if (j == iUncomprSize)
                        break;
                    i++;
                    if (i < iComprSize - 1)
                    {
                        if (pabyComprBuf[i + 1] >
                                knIntMax / poDS->GetRasterXSize() ||
                            static_cast<int>(pabyComprBuf[i + 1]) *
                                    poDS->GetRasterXSize() >
                                knIntMax -
                                    static_cast<int>(j + pabyComprBuf[i]))
                            break;
                        j += pabyComprBuf[i] +
                             pabyComprBuf[i + 1] * poDS->GetRasterXSize();
                        i += 2;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                else  // Absolute mode
                {
                    CPLAssert(i < iComprSize);
                    unsigned int iLength = pabyComprBuf[i++];
                    if (j == iUncomprSize)
                        break;
                    for (unsigned k = 0;
                         k < iLength && j < iUncomprSize && i < iComprSize; k++)
                    {
                        if (k & 0x01)
                            pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = pabyComprBuf[i++] & 0x0F;
                        else
                            pabyUncomprBuf[j++] = (pabyComprBuf[i] & 0xF0) >> 4;
                    }
                    if (i & 0x01)
                        i++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /* Validate that we have read all compressed data (we tolerate missing */
    /* end of image marker) and that we have filled all uncompressed data */
    if (j < iUncomprSize || (i + 1 != iComprSize && i + 2 != iComprSize))
    {
        CPLFree(pabyUncomprBuf);
        pabyUncomprBuf = nullptr;
    }
    // rcg, release compressed buffer here.
    CPLFree(pabyComprBuf);
    pabyComprBuf = nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ~BMPComprRasterBand()                      */
/************************************************************************/

BMPComprRasterBand::~BMPComprRasterBand()
{
    CPLFree(pabyComprBuf);
    CPLFree(pabyUncomprBuf);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             IReadBlock()                             */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPComprRasterBand::IReadBlock(CPL_UNUSED int nBlockXOff, int nBlockYOff,
                                      void *pImage)
{
    memcpy(pImage,
           pabyUncomprBuf + (poDS->GetRasterYSize() - nBlockYOff - 1) *
                                poDS->GetRasterXSize(),
           nBlockXSize);

    return CE_None;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           BMPDataset()                               */
/************************************************************************/

BMPDataset::BMPDataset()
    : nColorElems(0), pabyColorTable(nullptr), poColorTable(nullptr),
      bGeoTransformValid(FALSE), pszFilename(nullptr), fp(nullptr)
{
    nBands = 0;

    memset(&sFileHeader, 0, sizeof(sFileHeader));
    memset(&sInfoHeader, 0, sizeof(sInfoHeader));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            ~BMPDataset()                             */
/************************************************************************/

BMPDataset::~BMPDataset()
{
    FlushCache(true);

    if (m_bNewFile && fp)
    {
        // Extend the file with zeroes if needed
        VSIFSeekL(fp, 0, SEEK_END);

        if (VSIFTellL(fp) < m_nFileSize)
        {
            VSIFTruncateL(fp, m_nFileSize);
        }
    }

    CPLFree(pabyColorTable);
    if (poColorTable)
        delete poColorTable;
    CPLFree(pszFilename);
    if (fp)
        VSIFCloseL(fp);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetGeoTransform()                           */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPDataset::GetGeoTransform(GDALGeoTransform &gt) const
{
    if (bGeoTransformValid)
    {
        gt = m_gt;
        return CE_None;
    }

    if (GDALPamDataset::GetGeoTransform(gt) == CE_None)
        return CE_None;

#ifdef notdef
    // See http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/3578
    if (sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter > 0 && sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter > 0)
    {
        gt[1] = sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter;
        gt[5] = -sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter;
        gt[0] = -0.5 * gt[1];
        gt[3] = -0.5 * gt[5];
        return CE_None;
    }
#endif

    return CE_Failure;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetGeoTransform()                           */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPDataset::SetGeoTransform(const GDALGeoTransform &gt)
{
    if (pszFilename && bGeoTransformValid)
    {
        m_gt = gt;

        CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
        if (GDALWriteWorldFile(pszFilename, "wld", m_gt.data()) == FALSE)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Can't write world file.");
            eErr = CE_Failure;
        }
        return eErr;
    }

    return GDALPamDataset::SetGeoTransform(gt);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             IRasterIO()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Multi-band raster io handler.  We will use  block based         */
/*      loading is used for multiband BMPs.  That is because they       */
/*      are effectively pixel interleaved, so processing all bands      */
/*      for a given block together avoid extra seeks.                   */
/************************************************************************/

CPLErr BMPDataset::IRasterIO(GDALRWFlag eRWFlag, int nXOff, int nYOff,
                             int nXSize, int nYSize, void *pData, int nBufXSize,
                             int nBufYSize, GDALDataType eBufType,
                             int nBandCount, BANDMAP_TYPE panBandMap,
                             GSpacing nPixelSpace, GSpacing nLineSpace,
                             GSpacing nBandSpace,
                             GDALRasterIOExtraArg *psExtraArg)

{
    if (nBandCount > 1)
        return GDALDataset::BlockBasedRasterIO(
            eRWFlag, nXOff, nYOff, nXSize, nYSize, pData, nBufXSize, nBufYSize,
            eBufType, nBandCount, panBandMap, nPixelSpace, nLineSpace,
            nBandSpace, psExtraArg);
    else
        return GDALDataset::IRasterIO(eRWFlag, nXOff, nYOff, nXSize, nYSize,
                                      pData, nBufXSize, nBufYSize, eBufType,
                                      nBandCount, panBandMap, nPixelSpace,
                                      nLineSpace, nBandSpace, psExtraArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Identify()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int BMPDataset::Identify(GDALOpenInfo *poOpenInfo)

{
    if (poOpenInfo->nHeaderBytes < BFH_SIZE + SIZE_OF_INFOHEADER_SIZE ||
        poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[0] != 'B' || poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[1] != 'M' ||
        poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[6] != 0 || poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[7] != 0 ||
        poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[8] != 0 || poOpenInfo->pabyHeader[9] != 0)
        return FALSE;

    uint32_t nInfoHeaderSize;
    memcpy(&nInfoHeaderSize, poOpenInfo->pabyHeader + BFH_SIZE,
           sizeof(uint32_t));
    CPL_LSBPTR32(&nInfoHeaderSize);
    // Check against the maximum known size
    if (nInfoHeaderSize > BIH_BITMAPV5SIZE)
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                Open()                                */
/************************************************************************/

GDALDataset *BMPDataset::Open(GDALOpenInfo *poOpenInfo)
{
    if (!Identify(poOpenInfo) || poOpenInfo->fpL == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create a corresponding GDALDataset.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    BMPDataset *poDS = new BMPDataset();
    poDS->eAccess = poOpenInfo->eAccess;

    VSIStatBufL sStat;
    if (VSIStatL(poOpenInfo->pszFilename, &sStat) != 0)
    {
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Read the BMPFileHeader. We need iOffBits value only             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    memcpy(&poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits, poOpenInfo->pabyHeader + 10, 4);
#ifdef CPL_MSB
    CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits);
#endif
    poDS->m_nFileSize = sStat.st_size;

#ifdef BMP_DEBUG
    CPLDebug("BMP", "File size " CPL_FRMT_GUIB " bytes.",
             static_cast<GUIntBig>(poDS->m_nFileSize));
    CPLDebug("BMP", "Image offset 0x%x bytes from file start.",
             poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits);
#endif

    // Validatate iOffBits
    if (poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits <= BFH_SIZE + SIZE_OF_INFOHEADER_SIZE ||
        poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits >= poDS->m_nFileSize)
    {
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Read the BMPInfoHeader.                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poDS->fp = poOpenInfo->fpL;
    poOpenInfo->fpL = nullptr;

    VSIFSeekL(poDS->fp, BFH_SIZE, SEEK_SET);
    VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
#ifdef CPL_MSB
    CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize);
#endif

    BMPType eBMPType;
    if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize == BIH_WIN4SIZE)
        eBMPType = BMPT_WIN4;
    else if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize == BIH_OS21SIZE)
        eBMPType = BMPT_OS21;
    else if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize == BIH_OS22SIZE ||
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize == 16)
        eBMPType = BMPT_OS22;
    else
        eBMPType = BMPT_WIN5;

    if (eBMPType == BMPT_WIN4 || eBMPType == BMPT_WIN5 || eBMPType == BMPT_OS22)
    {
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        unsigned int iCompression;
        VSIFReadL(&iCompression, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
#ifdef CPL_MSB
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&iCompression);
#endif
        if (iCompression > BMPC_PNG)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Unsupported compression");
            delete poDS;
            return nullptr;
        }
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression =
            static_cast<BMPComprMethod>(iCompression);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrImportant, 1, 4, poDS->fp);

        // rcg, read win4/5 fields. If we're reading a
        // legacy header that ends at iClrImportant, it turns
        // out that the three DWORD color table entries used
        // by the channel masks start here anyway.
        if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_BITFIELDS)
        {
            VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iRedMask, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
            VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iGreenMask, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
            VSIFReadL(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iBlueMask, 1, 4, poDS->fp);
        }
#ifdef CPL_MSB
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight);
        CPL_SWAP16PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes);
        CPL_SWAP16PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrImportant);
        // rcg, swap win4/5 fields.
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iRedMask);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iGreenMask);
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&poDS->sInfoHeader.iBlueMask);
#endif
        poDS->nColorElems = 4;
    }

    if (eBMPType == BMPT_OS22)
    {
        poDS->nColorElems =
            3;  // FIXME: different info in different documents regarding this!
    }

    if (eBMPType == BMPT_OS21)
    {
        GInt16 iShort;

        VSIFReadL(&iShort, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth = CPL_LSBWORD16(iShort);
        VSIFReadL(&iShort, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight = CPL_LSBWORD16(iShort);
        VSIFReadL(&iShort, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes = CPL_LSBWORD16(iShort);
        VSIFReadL(&iShort, 1, 2, poDS->fp);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount = CPL_LSBWORD16(iShort);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression = BMPC_RGB;
        poDS->nColorElems = 3;
    }

    if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 1 && poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 4 &&
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 8 && poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 16 &&
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 24 && poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount != 32)
    {
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

#ifdef BMP_DEBUG
    CPLDebug("BMP",
             "Windows Device Independent Bitmap parameters:\n"
             " info header size: %d bytes\n"
             " width: %d\n height: %d\n planes: %d\n bpp: %d\n"
             " compression: %d\n image size: %d bytes\n X resolution: %d\n"
             " Y resolution: %d\n colours used: %d\n colours important: %d",
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize, poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth,
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight, poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes,
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount, poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression,
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage, poDS->sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter,
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter, poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed,
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrImportant);
#endif

    if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight == INT_MIN)
    {
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    poDS->nRasterXSize = poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth;
    poDS->nRasterYSize = (poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight > 0)
                             ? poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight
                             : -poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight;

    if (poDS->nRasterXSize <= 0 || poDS->nRasterYSize <= 0)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Invalid dimensions : %d x %d",
                 poDS->nRasterXSize, poDS->nRasterYSize);
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    switch (poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount)
    {
        case 1:
        case 4:
        case 8:
        {
            poDS->nBands = 1;
            int nColorTableSize;
            int nMaxColorTableSize = 1 << poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount;
            // Allocate memory for colour table and read it
            if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed)
            {
                if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed > (GUInt32)nMaxColorTableSize)
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                             "Wrong value for iClrUsed: %u",
                             poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
                    delete poDS;
                    return nullptr;
                }
                nColorTableSize = poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed;
            }
            else
                nColorTableSize = nMaxColorTableSize;

            poDS->pabyColorTable = (GByte *)VSI_MALLOC2_VERBOSE(
                poDS->nColorElems, nColorTableSize);
            if (poDS->pabyColorTable == nullptr)
            {
                break;
            }

            if (VSIFSeekL(poDS->fp,
                          BFH_SIZE + static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(
                                         poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize),
                          SEEK_SET) != 0 ||
                VSIFReadL(poDS->pabyColorTable, poDS->nColorElems,
                          nColorTableSize, poDS->fp) != (size_t)nColorTableSize)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Cannot read color table");
                delete poDS;
                return nullptr;
            }

            GDALColorEntry oEntry;
            poDS->poColorTable = new GDALColorTable();
            for (int i = 0; i < nColorTableSize; i++)
            {
                oEntry.c1 =
                    poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems + 2];  // Red
                oEntry.c2 =
                    poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems + 1];  // Green
                oEntry.c3 =
                    poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems];  // Blue
                oEntry.c4 = 255;

                poDS->poColorTable->SetColorEntry(i, &oEntry);
            }
        }
        break;
        case 16:
        case 24:
        case 32:
            poDS->nBands = 3;
            break;
        default:
            delete poDS;
            return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create band information objects.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_RGB ||
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_BITFIELDS)
    {
        for (int iBand = 1; iBand <= poDS->nBands; iBand++)
        {
            BMPRasterBand *band = new BMPRasterBand(poDS, iBand);
            poDS->SetBand(iBand, band);
            if (band->pabyScan == nullptr)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "The BMP file is probably corrupted or too large. "
                         "Image width = %d",
                         poDS->nRasterXSize);
                delete poDS;
                return nullptr;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_RLE8 ||
             poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression == BMPC_RLE4)
    {
        for (int iBand = 1; iBand <= poDS->nBands; iBand++)
        {
            BMPComprRasterBand *band = new BMPComprRasterBand(poDS, iBand);
            poDS->SetBand(iBand, band);
            if (band->pabyUncomprBuf == nullptr)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "The BMP file is probably corrupted or too large. "
                         "Image width = %d",
                         poDS->nRasterXSize);
                delete poDS;
                return nullptr;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Check for world file.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poDS->bGeoTransformValid =
        GDALReadWorldFile(poOpenInfo->pszFilename, nullptr, poDS->m_gt.data());

    if (!poDS->bGeoTransformValid)
        poDS->bGeoTransformValid = GDALReadWorldFile(poOpenInfo->pszFilename,
                                                     ".wld", poDS->m_gt.data());

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Initialize any PAM information.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poDS->SetDescription(poOpenInfo->pszFilename);
    poDS->TryLoadXML();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Check for overviews.                                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poDS->oOvManager.Initialize(poDS, poOpenInfo->pszFilename);

    return poDS;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Create()                               */
/************************************************************************/

GDALDataset *BMPDataset::Create(const char *pszFilename, int nXSize, int nYSize,
                                int nBandsIn, GDALDataType eType,
                                char **papszOptions)

{
    if (eType != GDT_Byte)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Attempt to create BMP dataset with an illegal\n"
                 "data type (%s), only Byte supported by the format.\n",
                 GDALGetDataTypeName(eType));

        return nullptr;
    }

    if (nBandsIn != 1 && nBandsIn != 3)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                 "BMP driver doesn't support %d bands. Must be 1 or 3.\n",
                 nBandsIn);

        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create the dataset.                                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    BMPDataset *poDS = new BMPDataset();
    poDS->m_bNewFile = true;

    poDS->fp = VSIFOpenL(pszFilename, "wb+");
    if (poDS->fp == nullptr)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OpenFailed, "Unable to create file %s.\n",
                 pszFilename);
        delete poDS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    poDS->pszFilename = CPLStrdup(pszFilename);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fill the BMPInfoHeader                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize = 40;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth = nXSize;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight = nYSize;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes = 1;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount = (nBandsIn == 3) ? 24 : 8;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression = BMPC_RGB;

    /* XXX: Avoid integer overflow. We can calculate size in one
     * step using
     *
     *   nScanSize = ((poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth *
     *            poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount + 31) & ~31) / 8
     *
     * formula, but we should check for overflow conditions
     * during calculation.
     */
    GUInt32 nScanSize =
        (GUInt32)poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth * poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount + 31;
    if (!poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth || !poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount ||
        (nScanSize - 31) / poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount !=
            (GUInt32)poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Wrong image parameters; "
                 "can't allocate space for scanline buffer");
        delete poDS;

        return nullptr;
    }
    nScanSize = (nScanSize & ~31U) / 8;

    poDS->sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter = 0;
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter = 0;
    poDS->nColorElems = 4;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we need colour table?                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nBandsIn == 1)
    {
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed = 1 << poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount;
        poDS->pabyColorTable =
            (GByte *)CPLMalloc(static_cast<size_t>(poDS->nColorElems) *
                               poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed; i++)
        {
            poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems] =
                poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems + 1] =
                    poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems + 2] =
                        poDS->pabyColorTable[i * poDS->nColorElems + 3] =
                            (GByte)i;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed = 0;
    }
    poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrImportant = 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fill the BMPFileHeader                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits = BFH_SIZE + poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize +
                                 poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed * poDS->nColorElems;

    // From https://medium.com/@chiaracoetzee/maximum-resolution-of-bmp-image-file-8c729b3f833a
    if (nXSize > 30000 || nYSize > 30000)
    {
        CPLDebug("BMP", "Dimensions of BMP file exceed maximum supported by "
                        "Adobe Photoshop CC 2014.2.2");
    }
    if (nXSize > 2147483647 / (nYSize + 1))
    {
        CPLDebug("BMP", "Dimensions of BMP file exceed maximum supported by "
                        "Windows Photo Viewer");
    }

    const vsi_l_offset nLargeImageSize =
        static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(nScanSize) * poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight;
    poDS->m_nFileSize = poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits + nLargeImageSize;
    if (nLargeImageSize > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Image too big for its size to fit in a 32 bit integer! "
                 "Writing 0xFFFFFFFF in it, but that could cause compatibility "
                 "problems with other readers.");
        poDS->sFileHeader.iSize = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
    }
    else if (poDS->m_nFileSize > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "File too big for its size to fit in a 32 bit integer! "
                 "Writing 0xFFFFFFFF in it, but that could cause compatibility "
                 "problems with other readers.");
        poDS->sFileHeader.iSize = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage = static_cast<uint32_t>(nLargeImageSize);
    }
    else
    {
        poDS->sFileHeader.iSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(poDS->m_nFileSize);
        poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage = static_cast<uint32_t>(nLargeImageSize);
    }

    poDS->sFileHeader.bType[0] = 'B';
    poDS->sFileHeader.bType[1] = 'M';
    poDS->sFileHeader.iReserved1 = 0;
    poDS->sFileHeader.iReserved2 = 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Write all structures to the file                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (VSIFWriteL(&poDS->sFileHeader.bType, 1, 2, poDS->fp) != 2)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Write of first 2 bytes to BMP file %s failed.\n"
                 "Is file system full?",
                 pszFilename);
        delete poDS;

        return nullptr;
    }

    GInt32 iLong;
    GUInt32 iULong;
    GUInt16 iUShort;

    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sFileHeader.iSize);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iUShort = CPL_LSBWORD16(poDS->sFileHeader.iReserved1);
    VSIFWriteL(&iUShort, 2, 1, poDS->fp);
    iUShort = CPL_LSBWORD16(poDS->sFileHeader.iReserved2);
    VSIFWriteL(&iUShort, 2, 1, poDS->fp);
    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sFileHeader.iOffBits);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);

    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iSize);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iLong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iWidth);
    VSIFWriteL(&iLong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iLong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iHeight);
    VSIFWriteL(&iLong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iUShort = CPL_LSBWORD16(poDS->sInfoHeader.iPlanes);
    VSIFWriteL(&iUShort, 2, 1, poDS->fp);
    iUShort = CPL_LSBWORD16(poDS->sInfoHeader.iBitCount);
    VSIFWriteL(&iUShort, 2, 1, poDS->fp);
    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iCompression);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iSizeImage);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iLong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iXPelsPerMeter);
    VSIFWriteL(&iLong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iLong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iYPelsPerMeter);
    VSIFWriteL(&iLong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);
    iULong = CPL_LSBWORD32(poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrImportant);
    VSIFWriteL(&iULong, 4, 1, poDS->fp);

    if (poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed)
    {
        if (VSIFWriteL(poDS->pabyColorTable, 1,
                       static_cast<size_t>(poDS->nColorElems) *
                           poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed,
                       poDS->fp) !=
            static_cast<size_t>(poDS->nColorElems) * poDS->sInfoHeader.iClrUsed)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                     "Error writing color table.  Is disk full?");
            delete poDS;

            return nullptr;
        }
    }

    poDS->nRasterXSize = nXSize;
    poDS->nRasterYSize = nYSize;
    poDS->eAccess = GA_Update;
    poDS->nBands = nBandsIn;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create band information objects.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (int iBand = 1; iBand <= poDS->nBands; iBand++)
    {
        auto band = new BMPRasterBand(poDS, iBand);
        poDS->SetBand(iBand, band);
        if (band->pabyScan == nullptr)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Image with (%d) too large.",
                     poDS->nRasterXSize);
            delete poDS;
            return nullptr;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we need a world file?                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "WORLDFILE", false))
        poDS->bGeoTransformValid = TRUE;

    return poDS;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        GDALRegister_BMP()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void GDALRegister_BMP()

{
    if (GDALGetDriverByName("BMP") != nullptr)
        return;

    GDALDriver *poDriver = new GDALDriver();

    poDriver->SetDescription("BMP");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DCAP_RASTER, "YES");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_LONGNAME,
                              "MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_HELPTOPIC, "drivers/raster/bmp.html");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_EXTENSION, "bmp");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_CREATIONDATATYPES, "Byte");
    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DMD_CREATIONOPTIONLIST,
                              "<CreationOptionList>"
                              "   <Option name='WORLDFILE' type='boolean' "
                              "description='Write out world file'/>"
                              "</CreationOptionList>");

    poDriver->SetMetadataItem(GDAL_DCAP_VIRTUALIO, "YES");

    poDriver->pfnOpen = BMPDataset::Open;
    poDriver->pfnCreate = BMPDataset::Create;
    poDriver->pfnIdentify = BMPDataset::Identify;

    GetGDALDriverManager()->RegisterDriver(poDriver);
}
