#ifndef HISTOGRAMS_EQUI_HEIGHT_INCLUDED
#define HISTOGRAMS_EQUI_HEIGHT_INCLUDED

/* Copyright (c) 2016, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
   as published by the Free Software Foundation.

   This program is designed to work with certain software (including
   but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
   as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
   documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
   permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
   separately licensed software that they have either included with
   the program or referenced in the documentation.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA */

/**
  @file sql/histograms/equi_height.h
  Equi-height histogram.

  This file defines the class representing an equi-height histogram.

  An equi-height histogram converted to a JSON object, follows the following
  "schema":

  {
    // Last time the histogram was updated. As of now, this means "when the
    // histogram was created" (incremental updates are not supported). Date/time
    // is given in UTC.
    // -- J_DATETIME
    "last-updated": "2015-11-04 15:19:51.000000",

    // Histogram type. Always "equi-height" for equi-height histograms.
    // -- J_STRING
    "histogram-type": "equi-height",

    // Fraction of NULL values. This is the total fraction of NULL values in the
    // original data set.
    // -- J_DOUBLE
    "null-values": 0.1,

    // Histogram buckets.  May be an empty array, if for instance the source
    // only contain NULL values.
    // -- J_ARRAY
    "buckets":
    [
      [
        // Lower inclusive value.
        // -- Data type depends on the source column.
        "0",

        // Upper inclusive value.
        // -- Data type depends on the source column.
        "002a38227ecc7f0d952e85ffe37832d3f58910da",

        // Cumulative frequence
        // -- J_DOUBLE
        0.001978728666831561,

        // Number of distinct values in this bucket.
        // -- J_UINT
        10
      ]
    ]
  }
*/

#include <cstddef>  // size_t
#include <string>   // std::string

#include "sql/histograms/equi_height_bucket.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
#include "sql/histograms/histogram.h"           // Histogram, value_map_type
#include "sql/histograms/value_map_type.h"
#include "sql/mem_root_array.h"

class Json_array;
class Json_object;
namespace histograms {
struct Histogram_comparator;
}  // namespace histograms
struct MEM_ROOT;
template <class T>
class Mem_root_allocator;

namespace histograms {

namespace equi_height {
template <class T>
class Bucket;
}  // namespace equi_height

template <class T>
class Equi_height : public Histogram {
 public:
  /**
    Equi-height histogram factory method.

    Attempts to allocate and initialize an equi-height histogram on the supplied
    mem_root. This will not build the histogram, but only set its properties.
    If the attempt to allocate the histogram fails or if an error occurs during
    construction we return nullptr.

    @param mem_root the mem_root where the histogram contents will be allocated
    @param db_name  name of the database this histogram represents
    @param tbl_name name of the table this histogram represents
    @param col_name name of the column this histogram represents
    @param data_type the type of data that this histogram contains

    @return A pointer to an equi-height histogram on success. Returns nullptr on
            error.
  */
  static Equi_height<T> *create(MEM_ROOT *mem_root, const std::string &db_name,
                                const std::string &tbl_name,
                                const std::string &col_name,
                                Value_map_type data_type);

  /**
   Make a clone of this histogram on a MEM_ROOT.

   @param mem_root the MEM_ROOT to allocate the new histogram contents on.

   @return a copy of the histogram allocated on the provided MEM_ROOT.
 */
  Histogram *clone(MEM_ROOT *mem_root) const override;

  Equi_height(const Equi_height<T> &other) = delete;

  /**
    Build the histogram.

    This function will build a new histogram from a "value map". The function
    will create at most num_buckets buckets, but may use less.

    @param  value_map       a value map, where the map key is a value and the
                            map value is the absolute frequency for that value
    @param  num_buckets     maximum number of buckets to create

    @return true on error, false otherwise
  */
  bool build_histogram(const Value_map<T> &value_map, size_t num_buckets);

  /**
    Find the fraction of values equal to 'value'.

    This function will estimate the fraction of values that is equal to the
    provided value.

    @param value The value to estimate the selectivity for.

    @return The selectivity between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
  */
  double get_equal_to_selectivity(const T &value) const;

  /**
    Find the fraction of values that is less than 'value'.

    This function will estimate the fraction of values that is less than the
    provided value.

    @param value The value to estimate the selectivity for.

    @return the selectivity between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
  */
  double get_less_than_selectivity(const T &value) const;

  /**
    Find the fraction of values that is greater than 'value'.

    This function will estimate the fraction of values that is greater than the
    provided value.

    @param value The value to estimate the selectivity for.

    @return the selectivity between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
  */
  double get_greater_than_selectivity(const T &value) const;

  /**
    @return number of buckets in this histogram
  */
  size_t get_num_buckets() const override { return m_buckets.size(); }

  /**
    Get the estimated number of distinct non-NULL values.
    @return number of distinct non-NULL values
  */
  size_t get_num_distinct_values() const override;

  /**
    Convert this histogram to a JSON object.

    This function will take the contents of the current histogram and put
    it in the output parameter "json_object".

    @param[in,out] json_object output where the histogram is to be stored The
                   caller is responsible for allocating/deallocating the JSON
                   object

    @return        true on error, false otherwise
  */
  bool histogram_to_json(Json_object *json_object) const override;

  /**
    Get the buckets of the histogram. Exposed for unit testing.

    @return A const reference to the collection of buckets.
  */
  const Mem_root_array<equi_height::Bucket<T>> &get_buckets() const {
    return m_buckets;
  }

  /**
    Returns the histogram type as a readable string.

    @return a readable string representation of the histogram type
  */
  std::string histogram_type_to_str() const override;

 protected:
  /**
    Populate this histogram with contents from a JSON object.

    @param json_object  a JSON object that represents an Equi-height histogram
    @param context      error context for validation

    @return True on error, false otherwise.
  */
  bool json_to_histogram(const Json_object &json_object,
                         Error_context *context) override;

 private:
  /// String representation of the histogram type EQUI-HEIGHT.
  static constexpr const char *equi_height_str() { return "equi-height"; }

  /**
    Equi-height constructor.

    This will not build the histogram, but only set its properties.

    @param mem_root  the mem_root where the histogram contents will be allocated
    @param db_name   name of the database this histogram represents
    @param tbl_name  name of the table this histogram represents
    @param col_name  name of the column this histogram represents
    @param data_type the type of data that this histogram contains
    @param[out] error is set to true if an error occurs
  */
  Equi_height(MEM_ROOT *mem_root, const std::string &db_name,
              const std::string &tbl_name, const std::string &col_name,
              Value_map_type data_type, bool *error);

  /**
    Equi-height copy-constructor

    This will take a copy of the histogram and all of its contents on the
    provided MEM_ROOT.

    @param mem_root the MEM_ROOT to allocate the new histogram on.
    @param other    the histogram to take a copy of
    @param[out] error is set to true if an error occurs
  */
  Equi_height(MEM_ROOT *mem_root, const Equi_height<T> &other, bool *error);

  /**
    Create Equi-height buckets from a JSON array.

    This function will add new buckets to the current histogram by going through
    the provided JSON array. Contents are allocated as needed on the current
    histograms MEM_ROOT.

    @param json_bucket  a JSON array containing the histogram buckets
    @param context      error context for validation

    @return true on error, false otherwise
   */
  bool add_bucket_from_json(const Json_array *json_bucket,
                            Error_context *context);

  /// The buckets for this histogram.
  Mem_root_array<equi_height::Bucket<T>> m_buckets;
};

}  // namespace histograms

#endif
