//! # Partition Management
//!
//! This module provides functionality for managing data partitions in distributed processing.

use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::error::Result;

/// Strategy for partitioning data
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum PartitionStrategy {
    /// Round-robin partitioning (distribute rows evenly)
    RoundRobin,
    /// Hash partitioning (partition based on hash of specified columns)
    Hash,
    /// Range partitioning (partition based on value ranges of specified columns)
    Range,
}

impl Default for PartitionStrategy {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::RoundRobin
    }
}

/// Represents a partition of data
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Partition {
    /// Unique identifier for the partition
    id: usize,
    /// Data in the partition (as Arrow RecordBatch)
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    data: Option<arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch>,
    /// Partition metadata
    metadata: PartitionMetadata,
}

/// Metadata about a partition
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PartitionMetadata {
    /// Number of rows in the partition
    row_count: usize,
    /// Memory usage in bytes
    memory_usage: usize,
    /// Column names
    column_names: Vec<String>,
    /// Statistics about the partition (min/max values, etc.)
    statistics: Option<PartitionStatistics>,
}

/// Statistics about a partition's data
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PartitionStatistics {
    /// Column statistics (min/max values, nulls, etc.)
    column_statistics: Vec<ColumnStatistics>,
}

impl PartitionStatistics {
    /// Create statistics from a RecordBatch
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn from_record_batch(batch: &arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch) -> Self {
        let mut column_statistics = Vec::new();
        
        for (i, field) in batch.schema().fields().iter().enumerate() {
            let column = batch.column(i);
            let column_stats = ColumnStatistics::from_arrow_array(field.name(), &field.data_type(), column);
            column_statistics.push(column_stats);
        }
        
        Self {
            column_statistics,
        }
    }
    
    /// Get column statistics
    pub fn column_statistics(&self) -> &[ColumnStatistics] {
        &self.column_statistics
    }
}

/// Statistics about a column in a partition
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ColumnStatistics {
    /// Column name
    name: String,
    /// Data type
    data_type: String,
    /// Minimum value (if available)
    min_value: Option<String>,
    /// Maximum value (if available)
    max_value: Option<String>,
    /// Number of null values
    null_count: usize,
    /// Number of distinct values (if available)
    distinct_count: Option<usize>,
}

impl ColumnStatistics {
    /// Create column statistics from Arrow array
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn from_arrow_array(
        name: &str, 
        data_type: &arrow::datatypes::DataType, 
        array: &dyn arrow::array::Array
    ) -> Self {
        use arrow::array::*;
        use arrow::compute::{min, max};
        
        let null_count = array.null_count();
        let data_type_str = format!("{:?}", data_type);
        
        // Calculate min/max values based on data type
        let (min_value, max_value) = match data_type {
            arrow::datatypes::DataType::Utf8 => {
                if let Some(string_array) = array.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringArray>() {
                    let min_val = min(string_array).ok()
                        .and_then(|v| string_array.value(v as usize).to_string().into());
                    let max_val = max(string_array).ok()
                        .and_then(|v| string_array.value(v as usize).to_string().into());
                    (min_val, max_val)
                } else {
                    (None, None)
                }
            }
            arrow::datatypes::DataType::Int64 => {
                if let Some(int_array) = array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Int64Array>() {
                    let min_val = min(int_array).ok().map(|v| v.to_string());
                    let max_val = max(int_array).ok().map(|v| v.to_string());
                    (min_val, max_val)
                } else {
                    (None, None)
                }
            }
            arrow::datatypes::DataType::Float64 => {
                if let Some(float_array) = array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Float64Array>() {
                    let min_val = min(float_array).ok().map(|v| v.to_string());
                    let max_val = max(float_array).ok().map(|v| v.to_string());
                    (min_val, max_val)
                } else {
                    (None, None)
                }
            }
            _ => {
                // For other types, we'll skip min/max calculation for now
                (None, None)
            }
        };
        
        Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
            data_type: data_type_str,
            min_value,
            max_value,
            null_count,
            distinct_count: None, // Computing distinct count can be expensive, so we'll skip it for now
        }
    }
    
    /// Get column name
    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
        &self.name
    }
    
    /// Get data type
    pub fn data_type(&self) -> &str {
        &self.data_type
    }
    
    /// Get minimum value
    pub fn min_value(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.min_value.as_deref()
    }
    
    /// Get maximum value
    pub fn max_value(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        self.max_value.as_deref()
    }
    
    /// Get null count
    pub fn null_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.null_count
    }
    
    /// Get distinct count
    pub fn distinct_count(&self) -> Option<usize> {
        self.distinct_count
    }
}

impl Partition {
    /// Creates a new partition
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn new(
        id: usize, 
        data: arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch,
    ) -> Self {
        let metadata = PartitionMetadata::from_record_batch(&data);
        Self {
            id,
            data: Some(data),
            metadata,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new partition with just metadata (no data)
    pub fn new_metadata_only(
        id: usize,
        metadata: PartitionMetadata,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            id,
            #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
            data: None,
            metadata,
        }
    }

    /// Gets the partition ID
    pub fn id(&self) -> usize {
        self.id
    }

    /// Gets the partition data
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn data(&self) -> Option<&arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch> {
        self.data.as_ref()
    }

    /// Takes ownership of the partition data
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn take_data(&mut self) -> Option<arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch> {
        self.data.take()
    }

    /// Gets the partition metadata
    pub fn metadata(&self) -> &PartitionMetadata {
        &self.metadata
    }
}

impl PartitionMetadata {
    /// Creates metadata from a RecordBatch
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn from_record_batch(batch: &arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch) -> Self {
        let row_count = batch.num_rows();
        let memory_usage = estimate_batch_memory_usage(batch);
        let column_names = batch
            .schema()
            .fields()
            .iter()
            .map(|f| f.name().clone())
            .collect();

        // Calculate detailed statistics
        let statistics = Some(PartitionStatistics::from_record_batch(batch));

        Self {
            row_count,
            memory_usage,
            column_names,
            statistics,
        }
    }

    /// Creates metadata manually
    pub fn new(
        row_count: usize,
        memory_usage: usize,
        column_names: Vec<String>,
        statistics: Option<PartitionStatistics>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            row_count,
            memory_usage,
            column_names,
            statistics,
        }
    }

    /// Gets the row count
    pub fn row_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.row_count
    }

    /// Gets the memory usage
    pub fn memory_usage(&self) -> usize {
        self.memory_usage
    }

    /// Gets the column names
    pub fn column_names(&self) -> &[String] {
        &self.column_names
    }

    /// Gets the statistics
    pub fn statistics(&self) -> Option<&PartitionStatistics> {
        self.statistics.as_ref()
    }
}

/// A collection of partitions forming a distributed dataset
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PartitionSet {
    /// Partitions in the set
    partitions: Vec<Arc<Partition>>,
    /// Schema of the data
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    schema: arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef,
}

impl PartitionSet {
    /// Creates a new partition set
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn new(
        partitions: Vec<Arc<Partition>>,
        schema: arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            partitions,
            schema,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new empty partition set
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn empty(schema: arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef) -> Self {
        Self {
            partitions: Vec::new(),
            schema,
        }
    }

    /// Gets the partitions
    pub fn partitions(&self) -> &[Arc<Partition>] {
        &self.partitions
    }

    /// Gets the schema
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn schema(&self) -> &arrow::datatypes::SchemaRef {
        &self.schema
    }

    /// Gets the total row count across all partitions
    pub fn total_row_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.partitions
            .iter()
            .map(|p| p.metadata().row_count())
            .sum()
    }

    /// Gets the total memory usage across all partitions
    pub fn total_memory_usage(&self) -> usize {
        self.partitions
            .iter()
            .map(|p| p.metadata().memory_usage())
            .sum()
    }

    /// Adds a partition to the set
    pub fn add_partition(&mut self, partition: Arc<Partition>) {
        self.partitions.push(partition);
    }
}

/// Partitioner that divides data into partitions
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Partitioner {
    /// Strategy for partitioning
    strategy: PartitionStrategy,
    /// Columns to partition by (for hash and range partitioning)
    partition_columns: Option<Vec<String>>,
    /// Number of partitions to create
    num_partitions: usize,
}

impl Partitioner {
    /// Creates a new partitioner
    pub fn new(
        strategy: PartitionStrategy,
        partition_columns: Option<Vec<String>>,
        num_partitions: usize,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            strategy,
            partition_columns,
            num_partitions,
        }
    }

    /// Gets the partition strategy
    pub fn strategy(&self) -> PartitionStrategy {
        self.strategy
    }

    /// Gets the partition columns
    pub fn partition_columns(&self) -> Option<&[String]> {
        self.partition_columns.as_deref()
    }

    /// Gets the number of partitions
    pub fn num_partitions(&self) -> usize {
        self.num_partitions
    }

    /// Partitions a DataFrame into multiple partitions
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    pub fn partition_dataframe(
        &self,
        df: &crate::dataframe::DataFrame,
    ) -> Result<PartitionSet> {
        use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, Float64Array, Int64Array, StringArray};
        use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
        use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
        use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
        use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
        
        if self.num_partitions == 0 {
            return Err(crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(
                "Number of partitions must be greater than 0".to_string()
            ));
        }
        
        if df.nrows() == 0 {
            // Handle empty DataFrame
            let fields = df.column_names()
                .iter()
                .map(|name| Field::new(name, DataType::Utf8, true))
                .collect();
            let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(fields));
            return Ok(PartitionSet::empty(schema));
        }
        
        // Convert DataFrame to Arrow RecordBatch first
        let record_batch = self.dataframe_to_record_batch(df)?;
        let schema = record_batch.schema();
        
        // Partition the data based on strategy
        let partitioned_batches = match self.strategy {
            PartitionStrategy::RoundRobin => {
                self.partition_round_robin(&record_batch)?
            }
            PartitionStrategy::Hash => {
                self.partition_hash(&record_batch)?
            }
            PartitionStrategy::Range => {
                self.partition_range(&record_batch)?
            }
        };
        
        // Create partitions from batches
        let partitions: Vec<Arc<Partition>> = partitioned_batches
            .into_iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, batch)| Arc::new(Partition::new(i, batch)))
            .collect();
        
        Ok(PartitionSet::new(partitions, schema))
    }
    
    /// Convert DataFrame to Arrow RecordBatch
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    fn dataframe_to_record_batch(&self, df: &crate::dataframe::DataFrame) -> Result<RecordBatch> {
        use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, Float64Array, Int64Array, StringArray};
        use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
        
        let column_names = df.column_names();
        let mut fields = Vec::new();
        let mut arrays: Vec<ArrayRef> = Vec::new();
        
        for column_name in column_names {
            // For now, we'll assume all columns are strings and convert them
            // In a real implementation, we'd need to handle different types properly
            let string_values = df.get_column_string_values(column_name)?;
            
            // Create Arrow array from string values
            let array: ArrayRef = Arc::new(StringArray::from(string_values));
            arrays.push(array);
            
            // Create field
            let field = Field::new(column_name, DataType::Utf8, true);
            fields.push(field);
        }
        
        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(fields));
        RecordBatch::try_new(schema, arrays)
            .map_err(|e| crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(format!("Failed to create RecordBatch: {}", e)))
    }
    
    /// Partition using round-robin strategy
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    fn partition_round_robin(&self, batch: &RecordBatch) -> Result<Vec<RecordBatch>> {
        use arrow::compute::take;
        use arrow::array::UInt64Array;
        
        let num_rows = batch.num_rows();
        let mut partition_indices: Vec<Vec<u64>> = vec![Vec::new(); self.num_partitions];
        
        // Distribute rows in round-robin fashion
        for i in 0..num_rows {
            let partition_id = i % self.num_partitions;
            partition_indices[partition_id].push(i as u64);
        }
        
        // Create RecordBatch for each partition
        self.create_partitions_from_indices(batch, partition_indices)
    }
    
    /// Partition using hash strategy
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    fn partition_hash(&self, batch: &RecordBatch) -> Result<Vec<RecordBatch>> {
        let partition_columns = self.partition_columns.as_ref()
            .ok_or_else(|| crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(
                "Hash partitioning requires partition columns to be specified".to_string()
            ))?;
        
        // For now, implement simple hash partitioning based on first partition column
        if partition_columns.is_empty() {
            return Err(crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(
                "Hash partitioning requires at least one partition column".to_string()
            ));
        }
        
        let column_name = &partition_columns[0];
        let schema = batch.schema();
        let column_index = schema.index_of(column_name)
            .map_err(|_| crate::error::Error::ColumnNotFound(column_name.clone()))?;
        
        let column_array = batch.column(column_index);
        let num_rows = batch.num_rows();
        let mut partition_indices: Vec<Vec<u64>> = vec![Vec::new(); self.num_partitions];
        
        // Hash each row's value to determine partition
        for i in 0..num_rows {
            let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
            
            // Hash the value at this row (simplified for string arrays)
            if let Some(string_array) = column_array.as_any().downcast_ref::<arrow::array::StringArray>() {
                if let Some(value) = string_array.value(i) {
                    value.hash(&mut hasher);
                }
            } else {
                // For other types, hash the string representation
                format!("{:?}", column_array.slice(i, 1)).hash(&mut hasher);
            }
            
            let hash = hasher.finish();
            let partition_id = (hash as usize) % self.num_partitions;
            partition_indices[partition_id].push(i as u64);
        }
        
        // Create partitions using the same logic as round-robin
        self.create_partitions_from_indices(batch, partition_indices)
    }
    
    /// Partition using range strategy (simplified implementation)
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    fn partition_range(&self, batch: &RecordBatch) -> Result<Vec<RecordBatch>> {
        // For range partitioning, we'll implement a simple approach:
        // Sort the data and divide into equal-sized ranges
        let num_rows = batch.num_rows();
        let rows_per_partition = (num_rows + self.num_partitions - 1) / self.num_partitions;
        
        let mut partition_indices: Vec<Vec<u64>> = vec![Vec::new(); self.num_partitions];
        
        for i in 0..num_rows {
            let partition_id = std::cmp::min(i / rows_per_partition, self.num_partitions - 1);
            partition_indices[partition_id].push(i as u64);
        }
        
        self.create_partitions_from_indices(batch, partition_indices)
    }
    
    /// Helper method to create partitions from row indices
    #[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
    fn create_partitions_from_indices(
        &self, 
        batch: &RecordBatch, 
        partition_indices: Vec<Vec<u64>>
    ) -> Result<Vec<RecordBatch>> {
        use arrow::compute::take;
        use arrow::array::UInt64Array;
        
        let mut result = Vec::new();
        
        for indices in partition_indices {
            if indices.is_empty() {
                // Create empty batch with same schema
                let empty_arrays: Vec<ArrayRef> = batch.columns()
                    .iter()
                    .map(|col| arrow::compute::filter(col, &arrow::array::BooleanArray::from(vec![])).expect("operation should succeed"))
                    .collect();
                let empty_batch = RecordBatch::try_new(batch.schema(), empty_arrays)
                    .map_err(|e| crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(format!("Failed to create empty batch: {}", e)))?;
                result.push(empty_batch);
            } else {
                let indices_array = UInt64Array::from(indices);
                let mut partition_arrays = Vec::new();
                
                for column in batch.columns() {
                    let taken = take(column, &indices_array, None)
                        .map_err(|e| crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(format!("Failed to take rows: {}", e)))?;
                    partition_arrays.push(taken);
                }
                
                let partition_batch = RecordBatch::try_new(batch.schema(), partition_arrays)
                    .map_err(|e| crate::error::Error::InvalidValue(format!("Failed to create partition batch: {}", e)))?;
                result.push(partition_batch);
            }
        }
        
        Ok(result)
    }
}

// Helper function to estimate memory usage of a RecordBatch
#[cfg(feature = "distributed")]
fn estimate_batch_memory_usage(batch: &arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch) -> usize {
    let row_count = batch.num_rows();
    let column_count = batch.num_columns();
    
    // This is a very rough estimate
    // In a real implementation, we would use more accurate metrics
    let mut total_size = 0;
    
    for i in 0..column_count {
        let array = batch.column(i);
        // Add basic size of the array plus data
        total_size += array.get_array_memory_size();
    }
    
    // Add overhead for RecordBatch structure
    total_size + (row_count * column_count * std::mem::size_of::<usize>())
}