/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Symbols referenced in this file:
 * - pg_mbcliplen
 * - pg_encoding_mbcliplen
 * - cliplen
 * - DatabaseEncoding
 * - pg_verifymbstr
 * - pg_verify_mbstr
 * - report_invalid_encoding
 * - GetDatabaseEncoding
 * - pg_get_client_encoding
 * - ClientEncoding
 * - pg_database_encoding_max_length
 * - pg_unicode_to_server
 * - GetDatabaseEncodingName
 * - Utf8ToServerConvProc
 * - pg_mbstrlen_with_len
 * - pg_mblen
 * - SetDatabaseEncoding
 * - pg_mbcharcliplen
 * - pg_mbstrlen
 * - GetMessageEncoding
 * - MessageEncoding
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * mbutils.c
 *	  This file contains functions for encoding conversion.
 *
 * The string-conversion functions in this file share some API quirks.
 * Note the following:
 *
 * The functions return a palloc'd, null-terminated string if conversion
 * is required.  However, if no conversion is performed, the given source
 * string pointer is returned as-is.
 *
 * Although the presence of a length argument means that callers can pass
 * non-null-terminated strings, care is required because the same string
 * will be passed back if no conversion occurs.  Such callers *must* check
 * whether result == src and handle that case differently.
 *
 * If the source and destination encodings are the same, the source string
 * is returned without any verification; it's assumed to be valid data.
 * If that might not be the case, the caller is responsible for validating
 * the string using a separate call to pg_verify_mbstr().  Whenever the
 * source and destination encodings are different, the functions ensure that
 * the result is validly encoded according to the destination encoding.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/namespace.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "varatt.h"

/*
 * We maintain a simple linked list caching the fmgr lookup info for the
 * currently selected conversion functions, as well as any that have been
 * selected previously in the current session.  (We remember previous
 * settings because we must be able to restore a previous setting during
 * transaction rollback, without doing any fresh catalog accesses.)
 *
 * Since we'll never release this data, we just keep it in TopMemoryContext.
 */
typedef struct ConvProcInfo
{
	int			s_encoding;		/* server and client encoding IDs */
	int			c_encoding;
	FmgrInfo	to_server_info; /* lookup info for conversion procs */
	FmgrInfo	to_client_info;
} ConvProcInfo;

	/* List of ConvProcInfo */

/*
 * These variables point to the currently active conversion functions,
 * or are NULL when no conversion is needed.
 */



/*
 * This variable stores the conversion function to convert from UTF-8
 * to the server encoding.  It's NULL if the server encoding *is* UTF-8,
 * or if we lack a conversion function for this.
 */
static __thread FmgrInfo *Utf8ToServerConvProc = NULL;


/*
 * These variables track the currently-selected encodings.
 */
static __thread const pg_enc2name *ClientEncoding = &pg_enc2name_tbl[PG_SQL_ASCII];

static __thread const pg_enc2name *DatabaseEncoding = &pg_enc2name_tbl[PG_SQL_ASCII];

static __thread const pg_enc2name *MessageEncoding = &pg_enc2name_tbl[PG_SQL_ASCII];


/*
 * During backend startup we can't set client encoding because we (a)
 * can't look up the conversion functions, and (b) may not know the database
 * encoding yet either.  So SetClientEncoding() just accepts anything and
 * remembers it for InitializeClientEncoding() to apply later.
 */




/* Internal functions */
static char *perform_default_encoding_conversion(const char *src,
												 int len, bool is_client_to_server);
static int	cliplen(const char *str, int len, int limit);


/*
 * Prepare for a future call to SetClientEncoding.  Success should mean
 * that SetClientEncoding is guaranteed to succeed for this encoding request.
 *
 * (But note that success before backend_startup_complete does not guarantee
 * success after ...)
 *
 * Returns 0 if okay, -1 if not (bad encoding or can't support conversion)
 */


/*
 * Set the active client encoding and set up the conversion-function pointers.
 * PrepareClientEncoding should have been called previously for this encoding.
 *
 * Returns 0 if okay, -1 if not (bad encoding or can't support conversion)
 */


/*
 * Initialize client encoding conversions.
 *		Called from InitPostgres() once during backend startup.
 */


/*
 * returns the current client encoding
 */
int
pg_get_client_encoding(void)
{
	return ClientEncoding->encoding;
}

/*
 * returns the current client encoding name
 */


/*
 * Convert src string to another encoding (general case).
 *
 * See the notes about string conversion functions at the top of this file.
 */


/*
 * Convert src string to another encoding.
 *
 * This function has a different API than the other conversion functions.
 * The caller should've looked up the conversion function using
 * FindDefaultConversionProc().  Unlike the other functions, the converted
 * result is not palloc'd.  It is written to the caller-supplied buffer
 * instead.
 *
 * src_encoding   - encoding to convert from
 * dest_encoding  - encoding to convert to
 * src, srclen    - input buffer and its length in bytes
 * dest, destlen  - destination buffer and its size in bytes
 *
 * The output is null-terminated.
 *
 * If destlen < srclen * MAX_CONVERSION_INPUT_LENGTH + 1, the converted output
 * wouldn't necessarily fit in the output buffer, and the function will not
 * convert the whole input.
 *
 * TODO: The conversion function interface is not great.  Firstly, it
 * would be nice to pass through the destination buffer size to the
 * conversion function, so that if you pass a shorter destination buffer, it
 * could still continue to fill up the whole buffer.  Currently, we have to
 * assume worst case expansion and stop the conversion short, even if there
 * is in fact space left in the destination buffer.  Secondly, it would be
 * nice to return the number of bytes written to the caller, to avoid a call
 * to strlen().
 */


/*
 * Convert string to encoding encoding_name. The source
 * encoding is the DB encoding.
 *
 * BYTEA convert_to(TEXT string, NAME encoding_name) */


/*
 * Convert string from encoding encoding_name. The destination
 * encoding is the DB encoding.
 *
 * TEXT convert_from(BYTEA string, NAME encoding_name) */


/*
 * Convert string between two arbitrary encodings.
 *
 * BYTEA convert(BYTEA string, NAME src_encoding_name, NAME dest_encoding_name)
 */


/*
 * get the length of the string considered as text in the specified
 * encoding. Raises an error if the data is not valid in that
 * encoding.
 *
 * INT4 length (BYTEA string, NAME src_encoding_name)
 */


/*
 * Get maximum multibyte character length in the specified encoding.
 *
 * Note encoding is specified numerically, not by name as above.
 */


/*
 * Convert client encoding to server encoding.
 *
 * See the notes about string conversion functions at the top of this file.
 */


/*
 * Convert any encoding to server encoding.
 *
 * See the notes about string conversion functions at the top of this file.
 *
 * Unlike the other string conversion functions, this will apply validation
 * even if encoding == DatabaseEncoding->encoding.  This is because this is
 * used to process data coming in from outside the database, and we never
 * want to just assume validity.
 */


/*
 * Convert server encoding to client encoding.
 *
 * See the notes about string conversion functions at the top of this file.
 */


/*
 * Convert server encoding to any encoding.
 *
 * See the notes about string conversion functions at the top of this file.
 */


/*
 *	Perform default encoding conversion using cached FmgrInfo. Since
 *	this function does not access database at all, it is safe to call
 *	outside transactions.  If the conversion has not been set up by
 *	SetClientEncoding(), no conversion is performed.
 */


/*
 * Convert a single Unicode code point into a string in the server encoding.
 *
 * The code point given by "c" is converted and stored at *s, which must
 * have at least MAX_UNICODE_EQUIVALENT_STRING+1 bytes available.
 * The output will have a trailing '\0'.  Throws error if the conversion
 * cannot be performed.
 *
 * Note that this relies on having previously looked up any required
 * conversion function.  That's partly for speed but mostly because the parser
 * may call this outside any transaction, or in an aborted transaction.
 */
void
pg_unicode_to_server(pg_wchar c, unsigned char *s)
{
	unsigned char c_as_utf8[MAX_MULTIBYTE_CHAR_LEN + 1];
	int			c_as_utf8_len;
	int			server_encoding;

	/*
	 * Complain if invalid Unicode code point.  The choice of errcode here is
	 * debatable, but really our caller should have checked this anyway.
	 */
	if (!is_valid_unicode_codepoint(c))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 errmsg("invalid Unicode code point")));

	/* Otherwise, if it's in ASCII range, conversion is trivial */
	if (c <= 0x7F)
	{
		s[0] = (unsigned char) c;
		s[1] = '\0';
		return;
	}

	/* If the server encoding is UTF-8, we just need to reformat the code */
	server_encoding = GetDatabaseEncoding();
	if (server_encoding == PG_UTF8)
	{
		unicode_to_utf8(c, s);
		s[pg_utf_mblen(s)] = '\0';
		return;
	}

	/* For all other cases, we must have a conversion function available */
	if (Utf8ToServerConvProc == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				 errmsg("conversion between %s and %s is not supported",
						pg_enc2name_tbl[PG_UTF8].name,
						GetDatabaseEncodingName())));

	/* Construct UTF-8 source string */
	unicode_to_utf8(c, c_as_utf8);
	c_as_utf8_len = pg_utf_mblen(c_as_utf8);
	c_as_utf8[c_as_utf8_len] = '\0';

	/* Convert, or throw error if we can't */
	FunctionCall6(Utf8ToServerConvProc,
				  Int32GetDatum(PG_UTF8),
				  Int32GetDatum(server_encoding),
				  CStringGetDatum((char *) c_as_utf8),
				  CStringGetDatum((char *) s),
				  Int32GetDatum(c_as_utf8_len),
				  BoolGetDatum(false));
}

/*
 * Convert a single Unicode code point into a string in the server encoding.
 *
 * Same as pg_unicode_to_server(), except that we don't throw errors,
 * but simply return false on conversion failure.
 */



/* convert a multibyte string to a wchar */


/* convert a multibyte string to a wchar with a limited length */


/* same, with any encoding */


/* convert a wchar string to a multibyte */


/* convert a wchar string to a multibyte with a limited length */


/* same, with any encoding */


/* returns the byte length of a multibyte character */
int
pg_mblen(const char *mbstr)
{
	return pg_wchar_table[DatabaseEncoding->encoding].mblen((const unsigned char *) mbstr);
}

/* returns the display length of a multibyte character */


/* returns the length (counted in wchars) of a multibyte string */
int
pg_mbstrlen(const char *mbstr)
{
	int			len = 0;

	/* optimization for single byte encoding */
	if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() == 1)
		return strlen(mbstr);

	while (*mbstr)
	{
		mbstr += pg_mblen(mbstr);
		len++;
	}
	return len;
}

/* returns the length (counted in wchars) of a multibyte string
 * (not necessarily NULL terminated)
 */
int
pg_mbstrlen_with_len(const char *mbstr, int limit)
{
	int			len = 0;

	/* optimization for single byte encoding */
	if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() == 1)
		return limit;

	while (limit > 0 && *mbstr)
	{
		int			l = pg_mblen(mbstr);

		limit -= l;
		mbstr += l;
		len++;
	}
	return len;
}

/*
 * returns the byte length of a multibyte string
 * (not necessarily NULL terminated)
 * that is no longer than limit.
 * this function does not break multibyte character boundary.
 */
int
pg_mbcliplen(const char *mbstr, int len, int limit)
{
	return pg_encoding_mbcliplen(DatabaseEncoding->encoding, mbstr,
								 len, limit);
}

/*
 * pg_mbcliplen with specified encoding; string must be valid in encoding
 */
int
pg_encoding_mbcliplen(int encoding, const char *mbstr,
					  int len, int limit)
{
	mblen_converter mblen_fn;
	int			clen = 0;
	int			l;

	/* optimization for single byte encoding */
	if (pg_encoding_max_length(encoding) == 1)
		return cliplen(mbstr, len, limit);

	mblen_fn = pg_wchar_table[encoding].mblen;

	while (len > 0 && *mbstr)
	{
		l = (*mblen_fn) ((const unsigned char *) mbstr);
		if ((clen + l) > limit)
			break;
		clen += l;
		if (clen == limit)
			break;
		len -= l;
		mbstr += l;
	}
	return clen;
}

/*
 * Similar to pg_mbcliplen except the limit parameter specifies the
 * character length, not the byte length.
 */
int
pg_mbcharcliplen(const char *mbstr, int len, int limit)
{
	int			clen = 0;
	int			nch = 0;
	int			l;

	/* optimization for single byte encoding */
	if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() == 1)
		return cliplen(mbstr, len, limit);

	while (len > 0 && *mbstr)
	{
		l = pg_mblen(mbstr);
		nch++;
		if (nch > limit)
			break;
		clen += l;
		len -= l;
		mbstr += l;
	}
	return clen;
}

/* mbcliplen for any single-byte encoding */
static int
cliplen(const char *str, int len, int limit)
{
	int			l = 0;

	len = Min(len, limit);
	while (l < len && str[l])
		l++;
	return l;
}

void
SetDatabaseEncoding(int encoding)
{
	if (!PG_VALID_BE_ENCODING(encoding))
		elog(ERROR, "invalid database encoding: %d", encoding);

	DatabaseEncoding = &pg_enc2name_tbl[encoding];
	Assert(DatabaseEncoding->encoding == encoding);
}



#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
/*
 * Make one bind_textdomain_codeset() call, translating a pg_enc to a gettext
 * codeset.  Fails for MULE_INTERNAL, an encoding unknown to gettext; can also
 * fail for gettext-internal causes like out-of-memory.
 */
static bool
raw_pg_bind_textdomain_codeset(const char *domainname, int encoding)
{
	bool		elog_ok = (CurrentMemoryContext != NULL);

	if (!PG_VALID_ENCODING(encoding) || pg_enc2gettext_tbl[encoding] == NULL)
		return false;

	if (bind_textdomain_codeset(domainname,
								pg_enc2gettext_tbl[encoding]) != NULL)
		return true;

	if (elog_ok)
		elog(LOG, "bind_textdomain_codeset failed");
	else
		write_stderr("bind_textdomain_codeset failed");

	return false;
}

/*
 * Bind a gettext message domain to the codeset corresponding to the database
 * encoding.  For SQL_ASCII, instead bind to the codeset implied by LC_CTYPE.
 * Return the MessageEncoding implied by the new settings.
 *
 * On most platforms, gettext defaults to the codeset implied by LC_CTYPE.
 * When that matches the database encoding, we don't need to do anything.  In
 * CREATE DATABASE, we enforce or trust that the locale's codeset matches the
 * database encoding, except for the C locale.  (On Windows, we also permit a
 * discrepancy under the UTF8 encoding.)  For the C locale, explicitly bind
 * gettext to the right codeset.
 *
 * On Windows, gettext defaults to the Windows ANSI code page.  This is a
 * convenient departure for software that passes the strings to Windows ANSI
 * APIs, but we don't do that.  Compel gettext to use database encoding or,
 * failing that, the LC_CTYPE encoding as it would on other platforms.
 *
 * This function is called before elog() and palloc() are usable.
 */
int
pg_bind_textdomain_codeset(const char *domainname)
{
	bool		elog_ok = (CurrentMemoryContext != NULL);
	int			encoding = GetDatabaseEncoding();
	int			new_msgenc;

#ifndef WIN32
	const char *ctype = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);

	if (pg_strcasecmp(ctype, "C") == 0 || pg_strcasecmp(ctype, "POSIX") == 0)
#endif
		if (encoding != PG_SQL_ASCII &&
			raw_pg_bind_textdomain_codeset(domainname, encoding))
			return encoding;

	new_msgenc = pg_get_encoding_from_locale(NULL, elog_ok);
	if (new_msgenc < 0)
		new_msgenc = PG_SQL_ASCII;

#ifdef WIN32
	if (!raw_pg_bind_textdomain_codeset(domainname, new_msgenc))
		/* On failure, the old message encoding remains valid. */
		return GetMessageEncoding();
#endif

	return new_msgenc;
}
#endif

/*
 * The database encoding, also called the server encoding, represents the
 * encoding of data stored in text-like data types.  Affected types include
 * cstring, text, varchar, name, xml, and json.
 */
int
GetDatabaseEncoding(void)
{
	return DatabaseEncoding->encoding;
}

const char *
GetDatabaseEncodingName(void)
{
	return DatabaseEncoding->name;
}









/*
 * gettext() returns messages in this encoding.  This often matches the
 * database encoding, but it differs for SQL_ASCII databases, for processes
 * not attached to a database, and under a database encoding lacking iconv
 * support (MULE_INTERNAL).
 */
int
GetMessageEncoding(void)
{
	return MessageEncoding->encoding;
}


/*
 * Generic character incrementer function.
 *
 * Not knowing anything about the properties of the encoding in use, we just
 * keep incrementing the last byte until we get a validly-encoded result,
 * or we run out of values to try.  We don't bother to try incrementing
 * higher-order bytes, so there's no growth in runtime for wider characters.
 * (If we did try to do that, we'd need to consider the likelihood that 255
 * is not a valid final byte in the encoding.)
 */


/*
 * UTF-8 character incrementer function.
 *
 * For a one-byte character less than 0x7F, we just increment the byte.
 *
 * For a multibyte character, every byte but the first must fall between 0x80
 * and 0xBF; and the first byte must be between 0xC0 and 0xF4.  We increment
 * the last byte that's not already at its maximum value.  If we can't find a
 * byte that's less than the maximum allowable value, we simply fail.  We also
 * need some special-case logic to skip regions used for surrogate pair
 * handling, as those should not occur in valid UTF-8.
 *
 * Note that we don't reset lower-order bytes back to their minimums, since
 * we can't afford to make an exhaustive search (see make_greater_string).
 */


/*
 * EUC-JP character incrementer function.
 *
 * If the sequence starts with SS2 (0x8e), it must be a two-byte sequence
 * representing JIS X 0201 characters with the second byte ranging between
 * 0xa1 and 0xdf.  We just increment the last byte if it's less than 0xdf,
 * and otherwise rewrite the whole sequence to 0xa1 0xa1.
 *
 * If the sequence starts with SS3 (0x8f), it must be a three-byte sequence
 * in which the last two bytes range between 0xa1 and 0xfe.  The last byte
 * is incremented if possible, otherwise the second-to-last byte.
 *
 * If the sequence starts with a value other than the above and its MSB
 * is set, it must be a two-byte sequence representing JIS X 0208 characters
 * with both bytes ranging between 0xa1 and 0xfe.  The last byte is
 * incremented if possible, otherwise the second-to-last byte.
 *
 * Otherwise, the sequence is a single-byte ASCII character. It is
 * incremented up to 0x7f.
 */


/*
 * get the character incrementer for the encoding for the current database
 */


/*
 * fetch maximum length of the encoding for the current database
 */
int
pg_database_encoding_max_length(void)
{
	return pg_wchar_table[GetDatabaseEncoding()].maxmblen;
}

/*
 * Verify mbstr to make sure that it is validly encoded in the current
 * database encoding.  Otherwise same as pg_verify_mbstr().
 */
bool
pg_verifymbstr(const char *mbstr, int len, bool noError)
{
	return pg_verify_mbstr(GetDatabaseEncoding(), mbstr, len, noError);
}

/*
 * Verify mbstr to make sure that it is validly encoded in the specified
 * encoding.
 */
bool
pg_verify_mbstr(int encoding, const char *mbstr, int len, bool noError)
{
	int			oklen;

	Assert(PG_VALID_ENCODING(encoding));

	oklen = pg_wchar_table[encoding].mbverifystr((const unsigned char *) mbstr, len);
	if (oklen != len)
	{
		if (noError)
			return false;
		report_invalid_encoding(encoding, mbstr + oklen, len - oklen);
	}
	return true;
}

/*
 * Verify mbstr to make sure that it is validly encoded in the specified
 * encoding.
 *
 * mbstr is not necessarily zero terminated; length of mbstr is
 * specified by len.
 *
 * If OK, return length of string in the encoding.
 * If a problem is found, return -1 when noError is
 * true; when noError is false, ereport() a descriptive message.
 *
 * Note: We cannot use the faster encoding-specific mbverifystr() function
 * here, because we need to count the number of characters in the string.
 */


/*
 * check_encoding_conversion_args: check arguments of a conversion function
 *
 * "expected" arguments can be either an encoding ID or -1 to indicate that
 * the caller will check whether it accepts the ID.
 *
 * Note: the errors here are not really user-facing, so elog instead of
 * ereport seems sufficient.  Also, we trust that the "expected" encoding
 * arguments are valid encoding IDs, but we don't trust the actuals.
 */


/*
 * report_invalid_encoding: complain about invalid multibyte character
 *
 * note: len is remaining length of string, not length of character;
 * len must be greater than zero (or we'd neglect initializing "buf").
 */
void
report_invalid_encoding(int encoding, const char *mbstr, int len)
{
	int			l = pg_encoding_mblen_or_incomplete(encoding, mbstr, len);
	char		buf[8 * 5 + 1];
	char	   *p = buf;
	int			j,
				jlimit;

	jlimit = Min(l, len);
	jlimit = Min(jlimit, 8);	/* prevent buffer overrun */

	for (j = 0; j < jlimit; j++)
	{
		p += sprintf(p, "0x%02x", (unsigned char) mbstr[j]);
		if (j < jlimit - 1)
			p += sprintf(p, " ");
	}

	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_CHARACTER_NOT_IN_REPERTOIRE),
			 errmsg("invalid byte sequence for encoding \"%s\": %s",
					pg_enc2name_tbl[encoding].name,
					buf)));
}

/*
 * report_untranslatable_char: complain about untranslatable character
 *
 * note: len is remaining length of string, not length of character;
 * len must be greater than zero (or we'd neglect initializing "buf").
 */



#ifdef WIN32
/*
 * Convert from MessageEncoding to a palloc'ed, null-terminated utf16
 * string. The character length is also passed to utf16len if not
 * null. Returns NULL iff failed. Before MessageEncoding initialization, "str"
 * should be ASCII-only; this will function as though MessageEncoding is UTF8.
 */


#endif							/* WIN32 */
