// Copyright © 2023-2024 Apple Inc.

#include <nanobind/nanobind.h>
#include <nanobind/stl/optional.h>
#include <nanobind/stl/string.h>
#include <nanobind/stl/variant.h>
#include <nanobind/stl/vector.h>
#include <numeric>
#include <string_view>

#include "mlx/fft.h"
#include "mlx/ops.h"
#include "python/src/small_vector.h"
#include "python/src/utils.h"

namespace mx = mlx::core;
namespace nb = nanobind;
using namespace nb::literals;

namespace {

mx::fft::FFTNorm parse_norm(std::string_view norm, std::string_view op) {
  if (norm == "backward") {
    return mx::fft::FFTNorm::Backward;
  }
  if (norm == "ortho") {
    return mx::fft::FFTNorm::Ortho;
  }
  if (norm == "forward") {
    return mx::fft::FFTNorm::Forward;
  }
  throw std::invalid_argument(
      std::string("[") + std::string(op) +
      "] Invalid norm. Expected one of {'backward', 'ortho', 'forward'}.");
}

} // namespace

void init_fft(nb::module_& parent_module) {
  auto m = parent_module.def_submodule(
      "fft", "mlx.core.fft: Fast Fourier Transforms.");
  m.def(
      "fft",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<int>& n,
         int axis,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "fft");
        if (n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::fft(a, n.value(), axis, fft_norm, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::fft(a, axis, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "n"_a = nb::none(),
      "axis"_a = -1,
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        One dimensional discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            n (int, optional): Size of the transformed axis. The
               corresponding axis in the input is truncated or padded with
               zeros to match ``n``. The default value is ``a.shape[axis]``.
            axis (int, optional): Axis along which to perform the FFT. The
               default is ``-1``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The DFT of the input along the given axis.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "ifft",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<int>& n,
         int axis,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "ifft");
        if (n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::ifft(a, n.value(), axis, fft_norm, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::ifft(a, axis, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "n"_a = nb::none(),
      "axis"_a = -1,
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        One dimensional inverse discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            n (int, optional): Size of the transformed axis. The
               corresponding axis in the input is truncated or padded with
               zeros to match ``n``. The default value is ``a.shape[axis]``.
            axis (int, optional): Axis along which to perform the FFT. The
               default is ``-1``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The inverse DFT of the input along the given axis.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "fft2",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "fft2");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[fft2] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a.none() = std::vector<int>{-2, -1},
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Two dimensional discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``[-2, -1]``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The DFT of the input along the given axes.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "ifft2",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "ifft2");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[ifft2] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a.none() = std::vector<int>{-2, -1},
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Two dimensional inverse discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``[-2, -1]``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The inverse DFT of the input along the given axes.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "fftn",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "fftn");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[fftn] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::fftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        n-dimensional discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``None`` in which case the FFT is over the last
               ``len(s)`` axes are or all axes if ``s`` is also ``None``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The DFT of the input along the given axes.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "ifftn",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "ifftn");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[ifftn] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::ifftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        n-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier Transform.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``None`` in which case the FFT is over the last
               ``len(s)`` axes or all axes if ``s`` is also ``None``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The inverse DFT of the input along the given axes.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "rfft",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<int>& n,
         int axis,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "rfft");
        if (n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::rfft(a, n.value(), axis, fft_norm, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::rfft(a, axis, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "n"_a = nb::none(),
      "axis"_a = -1,
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        One dimensional discrete Fourier Transform on a real input.

        The output has the same shape as the input except along ``axis`` in
        which case it has size ``n // 2 + 1``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array. If the array is complex it will be silently
               cast to a real type.
            n (int, optional): Size of the transformed axis. The
               corresponding axis in the input is truncated or padded with
               zeros to match ``n``. The default value is ``a.shape[axis]``.
            axis (int, optional): Axis along which to perform the FFT. The
               default is ``-1``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The DFT of the input along the given axis. The output
            data type will be complex.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "irfft",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<int>& n,
         int axis,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "irfft");
        if (n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::irfft(a, n.value(), axis, fft_norm, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::irfft(a, axis, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "n"_a = nb::none(),
      "axis"_a = -1,
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        The inverse of :func:`rfft`.

        The output has the same shape as the input except along ``axis`` in
        which case it has size ``n``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            n (int, optional): Size of the transformed axis. The
               corresponding axis in the input is truncated or padded with
               zeros to match ``n // 2 + 1``. The default value is
               ``a.shape[axis] // 2 + 1``.
            axis (int, optional): Axis along which to perform the FFT. The
               default is ``-1``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The real array containing the inverse of :func:`rfft`.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "rfft2",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "rfft2");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[rfft2] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a.none() = std::vector<int>{-2, -1},
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Two dimensional real discrete Fourier Transform.

        The output has the same shape as the input except along the dimensions in
        ``axes`` in which case it has sizes from ``s``. The last axis in ``axes`` is
        treated as the real axis and will have size ``s[-1] // 2 + 1``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array. If the array is complex it will be silently
               cast to a real type.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``[-2, -1]``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The real DFT of the input along the given axes. The output
            data type will be complex.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "irfft2",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "irfft2");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[irfft2] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a.none() = std::vector<int>{-2, -1},
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        The inverse of :func:`rfft2`.

        Note the input is generally complex. The dimensions of the input
        specified in ``axes`` are padded or truncated to match the sizes
        from ``s``. The last axis in ``axes`` is treated as the real axis
        and will have size ``s[-1] // 2 + 1``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s`` except for the last axis
               which has size ``s[-1] // 2 + 1``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``[-2, -1]``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The real array containing the inverse of :func:`rfft2`.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "rfftn",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "rfftn");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[rfftn] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::rfftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        n-dimensional real discrete Fourier Transform.

        The output has the same shape as the input except along the dimensions in
        ``axes`` in which case it has sizes from ``s``. The last axis in ``axes`` is
        treated as the real axis and will have size ``s[-1] // 2 + 1``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array. If the array is complex it will be silently
               cast to a real type.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``None`` in which case the FFT is over the last
               ``len(s)`` axes or all axes if ``s`` is also ``None``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The real DFT of the input along the given axes. The output
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "irfftn",
      [](const mx::array& a,
         const std::optional<mx::Shape>& n,
         const std::optional<std::vector<int>>& axes,
         const std::string& norm,
         mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        auto fft_norm = parse_norm(norm, "irfftn");
        if (axes.has_value() && n.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, n.value(), axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (axes.has_value()) {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, axes.value(), fft_norm, s);
        } else if (n.has_value()) {
          throw std::invalid_argument(
              "[irfftn] `axes` should not be `None` if `s` is not `None`.");
        } else {
          return mx::fft::irfftn(a, fft_norm, s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "s"_a = nb::none(),
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "norm"_a = "backward",
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        The inverse of :func:`rfftn`.

        Note the input is generally complex. The dimensions of the input
        specified in ``axes`` are padded or truncated to match the sizes
        from ``s``. The last axis in ``axes`` is treated as the real axis
        and will have size ``s[-1] // 2 + 1``.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            s (list(int), optional): Sizes of the transformed axes. The
               corresponding axes in the input are truncated or padded with
               zeros to match the sizes in ``s``. The default value is the
               sizes of ``a`` along ``axes``.
            axes (list(int), optional): Axes along which to perform the FFT.
               The default is ``None`` in which case the FFT is over the last
               ``len(s)`` axes or all axes if ``s`` is also ``None``.
            norm (str, optional): One of ``"backward"``, ``"ortho"``, or
               ``"forward"``. Default is ``"backward"``.

        Returns:
            array: The real array containing the inverse of :func:`rfftn`.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "fftfreq",
      [](int n, double d, mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        return mx::fft::fftfreq(n, d, s);
      },
      "n"_a,
      "d"_a = 1.0,
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Return the discrete Fourier Transform sample frequencies.

        Args:
            n (int): Window length.
            d (float, optional): Sample spacing. The default is ``1.0``.

        Returns:
            array: The sample frequencies as a one-dimensional array of type ``float32``.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "rfftfreq",
      [](int n, double d, mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        return mx::fft::rfftfreq(n, d, s);
      },
      "n"_a,
      "d"_a = 1.0,
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Return the discrete Fourier Transform sample frequencies
        for use with :func:`rfft` and :func:`irfft`.

        The returned array contains the non-negative frequency terms
        in the range ``[0, floor(n/2)]``.

        Args:
            n (int): Window length.
            d (float, optional): Sample spacing. The default is ``1.0``.

        Returns:
            array: The sample frequencies as a one-dimensional array of type ``float32``.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "fftshift",
      [](const mx::array& a, const IntOrVec& axes, mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        if (std::holds_alternative<std::monostate>(axes)) {
          return mx::fft::fftshift(a, s);
        } else if (auto pv = std::get_if<int>(&axes); pv) {
          return mx::fft::fftshift(a, {*pv}, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::fftshift(a, std::get<std::vector<int>>(axes), s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        Shift the zero-frequency component to the center of the spectrum.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            axes (int or list(int), optional): Axis or axes over which to perform the shift.
               If ``None``, shift all axes. 

        Returns:
            array: The shifted array with the same shape as the input.
      )pbdoc");
  m.def(
      "ifftshift",
      [](const mx::array& a, const IntOrVec& axes, mx::StreamOrDevice s) {
        if (std::holds_alternative<std::monostate>(axes)) {
          return mx::fft::ifftshift(a, s);
        } else if (auto pv = std::get_if<int>(&axes); pv) {
          return mx::fft::ifftshift(a, {*pv}, s);
        } else {
          return mx::fft::ifftshift(a, std::get<std::vector<int>>(axes), s);
        }
      },
      "a"_a,
      "axes"_a = nb::none(),
      "stream"_a = nb::none(),
      R"pbdoc(
        The inverse of :func:`fftshift`. While identical to :func:`fftshift` for even-length axes,
        the behavior differs for odd-length axes.

        Args:
            a (array): The input array.
            axes (int or list(int), optional): Axis or axes over which to perform the inverse shift.
               If ``None``, shift all axes. 

        Returns:
            array: The inverse-shifted array with the same shape as the input.
      )pbdoc");
}
